Fornyelsen gjelder beboerparkeringstillatelsen.

Because fornyelsen is the definite singular form of fornyelse (renewal).

• en fornyelse = a renewal
• fornyelsen = the renewal

In Norwegian, you usually add the definite ending to the noun itself instead of using a separate word like the in English.

For the same reason: it is also in the definite singular.

• en beboerparkeringstillatelse = a resident parking permit
• beboerparkeringstillatelsen = the resident parking permit

So both nouns are definite:

• Fornyelsen = the renewal
• beboerparkeringstillatelsen = the resident parking permit

This often happens when the sentence refers to specific, known things.

Because Norwegian makes compound nouns by joining words together.

This word can be broken down like this:

• beboer = resident
• parkering = parking
• tillatelse = permit / permission
• -en = the (definite singular ending)

So:

• beboerparkeringstillatelse = resident parking permit
• beboerparkeringstillatelsen = the resident parking permit

This is very normal in Norwegian, even when the word looks long to an English speaker.

Gjelder is the present tense of å gjelde.

Depending on context, å gjelde can mean:

• to apply to
• to concern
• to refer to
• to be valid for

In this sentence, it means something like:

• concerns
• applies to

So the sentence is saying that the renewal concerns / applies to the resident parking permit.

Because in Norwegian, å gjelde often takes a direct object.

English often says:

• applies to the permit
• concerns the permit

Norwegian can say:

• gjelder tillatelsen

So even if English uses to, Norwegian does not need a preposition here.

In this sentence, the first noun phrase is the subject:

• Fornyelsen = subject
• gjelder = verb
• beboerparkeringstillatelsen = object

So the structure is:

• The renewal
  • concerns/applies to
    • the resident parking permit

This matters because Norwegian does not mark subject and object with case endings the way some other languages do. Word order does a lot of the work.

Yes. If you change the word order, you change who is doing what.

• Fornyelsen gjelder beboerparkeringstillatelsen. = The renewal concerns the resident parking permit.

If you said:

• Beboerparkeringstillatelsen gjelder fornyelsen.

that would mean:

• The resident parking permit concerns the renewal
  or more naturally, The resident parking permit applies to the renewal

That is a different meaning, and in most contexts it would sound less logical.

Yes. This is a very standard subject–verb–object sentence:

• Fornyelsen = subject
• gjelder = verb
• beboerparkeringstillatelsen = object

Norwegian main clauses normally follow V2 word order, which means the finite verb comes in the second position. In this sentence, the subject comes first, so the verb naturally comes second.

The infinitive is å gjelde.

A few useful forms:

• å gjelde = to apply / concern
• gjelder = applies / concerns (present tense)
• gjaldt = applied / concerned (past tense)
• har gjeldt = has applied / has concerned

So gjelder is just the present-tense form.

Both fornyelse and tillatelse are usually common gender nouns, so they take en in the indefinite singular.

• en fornyelse
• en tillatelse

That is why their definite singular forms end in -en:

• fornyelsen
• tillatelsen

Inside the compound, only the last noun gets the definite ending:

• beboerparkeringstillatelsen

Yes — that is often the easiest way to read Norwegian compounds.

Start with the last part:

• tillatelse = permit
• parkeringstillatelse = parking permit
• beboerparkeringstillatelse = resident parking permit

The last element is the main noun, and the earlier parts describe it.

So the whole word is basically a permit for resident parking.

A good strategy is to split it into chunks:

• beboer
  • parkering
    • tillatelsen

You do not need to think of it as one impossible word. Think of it as three familiar pieces joined together.

Also, Norwegian compound nouns are usually pronounced with the parts flowing together, but learners benefit a lot from recognizing the pieces first.

Possibly, but it depends on context.

Å gjelde can mean be valid for, especially in sentences like:

• Tilbudet gjelder bare i dag.
• Reglene gjelder alle.

In your sentence, concerns or applies to is probably safer than is valid for, because the subject is the renewal, not a rule or offer.

So is valid for is not always wrong, but here it may sound less natural in English than concerns or applies to.