Togforsinkelsen endrer ankomsttiden.

Because Norwegian very often makes compound nouns by joining words together.

togforsinkelsen = tog + forsinkelse + -n

• tog = train
• forsinkelse = delay
• forsinkelsen = the delay

So togforsinkelsen means the train delay or more literally the-train-delay.

This is very normal in Norwegian. English often writes similar ideas as separate words, but Norwegian usually combines them into one noun.

The -en is the definite ending for many masculine nouns in Norwegian. It works like the in English.

For example:

• en forsinkelse = a delay
• forsinkelsen = the delay

In the compound togforsinkelsen, the definite ending goes on the last part of the compound, not on the first part.

So:

• togforsinkelse = train delay
• togforsinkelsen = the train delay

ankomsttiden means the arrival time.

It is built like this:

• ankomst = arrival
• tid = time
• tiden = the time

So:

• ankomsttid = arrival time
• ankomsttiden = the arrival time

In this sentence, both nouns are definite because the sentence is talking about a specific delay and a specific arrival time.

The subject is Togforsinkelsen and the object is ankomsttiden.

So the structure is:

• Togforsinkelsen = the train delay → the thing doing the action
• endrer = changes
• ankomsttiden = the arrival time → the thing being changed

This is the same basic word order as normal English statements:

Subject + verb + object

endrer is the present tense of å endre = to change.

So:

• å endre = to change
• endrer = changes / is changing

In this sentence, endrer means changes.

Norwegian present tense is often simple: many verbs take -r in the present tense.

Norwegian often expresses things differently from English.

1. The is often attached to the noun as an ending:

   • forsinkelsen = the delay
   • ankomsttiden = the arrival time

2. There is no is changing form here because Norwegian commonly uses the present tense where English might use either:

   • changes
   • is changing

So endrer can often cover both ideas depending on context.

Grammatically, that is possible in some contexts, but it would sound much more general or unnatural here.

Compare:

• Togforsinkelsen endrer ankomsttiden = The train delay changes the arrival time
• Togforsinkelse endrer ankomsttid = Train delay changes arrival time / A train delay changes arrival time

The version with definite forms sounds more natural if you are talking about a specific situation, such as a particular delayed train.

Yes, endrer is understandable and grammatical. It means changes.

But depending on context, Norwegian speakers might also use verbs like:

• påvirker = affects
• forsinker = delays
• flytter = moves
• justerer = adjusts

For example:

• Togforsinkelsen påvirker ankomsttiden = The train delay affects the arrival time
• Togforsinkelsen forsinker ankomsttiden is less natural, because you usually delay a train or arrival, not the time itself
• Togforsinkelsen endrer ankomsttiden is fine if the focus is that the scheduled arrival time has changed

Because in Norwegian compounds, the first noun often functions like a label or category for the second noun.

So in togforsinkelse:

• forsinkelse is the main noun: delay
• tog tells you what kind of delay: a train delay

This is similar to English noun combinations like:

• car door
• school bus
• train station

But Norwegian usually writes such combinations as one word more often than English does.

The main stress usually falls on the first part of the compound: TOG-forsinkelsen.

A rough guide:

• tog sounds somewhat like toog with a long vowel
• forsinkelsen is roughly for-SIN-kel-sen

So together: TOG-for-SIN-kel-sen

In Norwegian compounds, the first element often gets the strongest stress.

In a yes/no question, Norwegian usually puts the verb first:

• Endrer togforsinkelsen ankomsttiden?
• Does the train delay change the arrival time?

This is a very important pattern in Norwegian:

• statement: Togforsinkelsen endrer ankomsttiden.
• question: Endrer togforsinkelsen ankomsttiden?

Yes. In a subordinate clause, Norwegian keeps the subject before the verb.

For example:

• Jeg ser at togforsinkelsen endrer ankomsttiden.
• I see that the train delay changes the arrival time.

This is different from a main-clause question, where the verb comes first.

So:

• main clause statement: Togforsinkelsen endrer ankomsttiden
• main clause question: Endrer togforsinkelsen ankomsttiden?
• subordinate clause: ... at togforsinkelsen endrer ankomsttiden

Because Norwegian spelling rules generally prefer direct compounding: the words are simply joined together.

So Norwegian writes:

• togforsinkelse
• ankomsttid
• billettautomat
• jernbanestasjon

English often keeps such words separate, or sometimes hyphenates them, but Norwegian usually makes them into one written word. This is one of the most important spelling habits for English speakers to get used to.