Togselskapet mottar klageskjemaet.

Because Norwegian very often forms compound nouns by joining words together.

• togselskapet = tog

  • selskap
    • -et
  • tog = train
  • selskap = company
  • -et = the definite ending for a neuter noun

• klageskjemaet = klage

  • skjema
    • -et
  • klage = complaint
  • skjema = form
  • -et = the definite ending

English usually writes these as separate words, like train company or complaint form, but Norwegian commonly writes them as one word.

The ending -et marks the definite form of many neuter nouns in Norwegian.

So:

• et selskap = a company
• selskapet = the company

and

• et skjema = a form
• skjemaet = the form

Since both selskap and skjema are neuter nouns, their definite singular form ends in -et.

In Norwegian, definiteness is often shown by adding an ending to the noun instead of using a separate word before it.

Compare:

• et skjema = a form

• skjemaet = the form

• et selskap = a company
• selskapet = the company

So instead of saying something like the complaint form with a separate article, Norwegian uses klageskjemaet.

A separate determiner can still appear in some situations, especially with adjectives:

• det store selskapet = the big company

But in your sentence, no separate word for the is needed.

The infinitive is motta, meaning to receive.

• å motta = to receive
• mottar = receives / is receiving

This is the present tense form.

A useful thing for English speakers: Norwegian verbs do not change depending on the subject.

• jeg mottar = I receive
• du mottar = you receive
• han mottar = he receives
• de mottar = they receive

The verb stays mottar in all of these.

It can mean either, depending on context.

Norwegian present tense often covers both:

• receives
• is receiving

So Togselskapet mottar klageskjemaet could mean:

• The train company receives the complaint form
• The train company is receiving the complaint form

Usually the broader context tells you which sense is intended.

The sentence follows the basic Norwegian pattern:

Subject + Verb + Object

• Togselskapet = subject
• mottar = verb
• klageskjemaet = object

So:

Togselskapet mottar klageskjemaet.
= The train company receives the complaint form.

This is very similar to standard English word order.

Both main nouns here are neuter:

• et selskap
• et skjema

You can tell from the definite ending -et in:

• selskapet
• skjemaet

A very helpful rule with compounds is this:

The last part of the compound decides the gender.

So:

• togselskap ends with selskap, which is neuter
  → therefore et togselskap

• klageskjema ends with skjema, which is neuter
  → therefore et klageskjema

Yes:

• klage = complaint
• skjema = form
• klageskjema = complaint form
• klageskjemaet = the complaint form

So the first part tells you what kind of form it is, and the last part is the core noun.

That structure is very common in Norwegian compounds.

Yes:

• tog = train
• selskap = company
• togselskap = train company / railway company
• togselskapet = the train company

Again, the final part selskap is the main noun, and the first part tog describes what kind of company it is.

Because both nouns are in the definite form, not the indefinite form.

Here is the contrast:

• et togselskap = a train company

• togselskapet = the train company

• et klageskjema = a complaint form
• klageskjemaet = the complaint form

So the sentence is talking about specific things: the company and the form.

Yes, but the meaning would change.

For example:

• Et togselskap mottar et klageskjema.
  = A train company receives a complaint form.

That sounds more general or less specific.

Your original sentence:

• Togselskapet mottar klageskjemaet.
  = The train company receives the complaint form.

This points to a specific company and a specific form.

A simple learner-friendly guide is:

mottar ≈ moh-tahr

A few useful notes:

• the tt makes the consonant clearly short and firm
• the final r is pronounced, though how strong it sounds depends on dialect
• the stress is on the second syllable: mot-TAR

If you are learning Bokmål pronunciation, that stress pattern is the main thing to remember.

Yes, it is grammatical and natural.

It sounds a bit formal or administrative because of words like:

• togselskapet
• klageskjemaet
• mottar

That is not strange at all—it sounds like something from customer service, transport information, or a process description.