Politiet sender konstabelen.

Because politiet is the definite singular form of politi.

• politi = police
• politiet = the police

For many Norwegian nouns, the definite article is added to the end of the noun instead of being a separate word.

Since politi is a neuter noun, its definite singular ending is -et.

For the same reason: konstabelen is the definite singular form of konstabel.

• konstabel = constable
• konstabelen = the constable

Here, konstabel is a common gender noun, so the definite singular ending is -en.

In Norwegian, the definite article is usually attached to the noun itself.

So instead of saying:

• the police
• the constable

Norwegian often says:

• politiet
• konstabelen

A separate article is more likely when there is an adjective:

• den unge konstabelen = the young constable

Sender is the present tense of å sende.

So Politiet sender konstabelen can mean:

• The police send the constable
• The police are sending the constable

Which English version fits best depends on context.

No. In modern Norwegian, verbs do not change for person or number in the present tense.

So you get:

• jeg sender = I send / am sending
• du sender = you send / are sending
• han sender = he sends / is sending
• politiet sender = the police send(s) / is sending

This is much simpler than English, where he sends but I send.

Mainly from word order.

Norwegian usually uses subject – verb – object in a normal statement:

• Politiet = subject
• sender = verb
• konstabelen = object

So the sentence means that the police are doing the sending, and the constable is the one being sent.

Grammatically, politiet is usually treated as singular in Norwegian, even though English the police often behaves like a plural expression.

So Norwegian says:

• Politiet sender ...

not a special plural verb form.

It often refers to the police as an institution or force, rather than individual officers.

The dictionary forms are:

• politi
• å sende
• konstabel

The sentence uses inflected forms:

• politiet = definite singular of politi
• sender = present tense of å sende
• konstabelen = definite singular of konstabel

Not always. Konstabel can be translated as constable, but the best English word depends on context.

In some situations it may be understood more generally as a police officer of a certain rank. So the exact nuance can vary.

Still, grammatically in this sentence, the important point is that konstabelen is a definite singular noun: the constable.

No. It is capitalized here only because it is the first word of the sentence.

Normally, politiet is written with a lowercase p unless it begins a sentence.

So:

• Politiet sender konstabelen.
• Jeg ringte politiet.

Both are correct.