Årsregnskapet viser fellesgjelden.

In Norwegian, the is usually attached to the end of the noun instead of standing as a separate word.

• årsregnskapet = the annual account / the annual financial statement
• fellesgjelden = the shared debt / the common debt

This is called the definite form.

Compare:

• et årsregnskap = an annual account

• årsregnskapet = the annual account

• en fellesgjeld = a shared debt
• fellesgjelden = the shared debt

The endings show both gender and definite form.

• et regnskap → regnskapet
  This noun is neuter, so the definite ending is usually -et.

• en gjeld → gjelden
  This noun is masculine in Bokmål, so the definite ending is usually -en.

So:

• -et often marks the for a neuter noun
• -en often marks the for a masculine noun

Yes. Norwegian very often combines words into a single compound noun where English would often use two or more words.

Årsregnskapet can be broken down like this:

• år = year
• regnskap = account, accounting, financial statement
• -et = the

So årsregnskapet is a compound meaning something like the annual financial statement.

This is very normal in Norwegian. English might write separate words, but Norwegian often joins them.

That -s- is a linking element often used in compounds. It connects the first part of the compound to the second part.

• år
  • regnskap becomes årsregnskap

You should not always think of this -s- as a possessive 's like in English. Sometimes it looks similar, but in Norwegian compounds it is often just a normal linking sound or form.

A useful way to understand it here is:

• årsregnskap = yearly / annual financial statement

Viser is the present tense of the verb å vise, which means to show.

Norwegian present tense is often formed by adding -r to the infinitive:

• å vise = to show
• viser = shows / is showing

So:

• Årsregnskapet viser fellesgjelden = The annual statement shows the shared debt

Norwegian does not change the verb for different persons the way English does in some cases. The same present form is used with all subjects:

• jeg viser
• du viser
• han viser
• vi viser

The sentence follows the normal Norwegian subject–verb–object order:

• Årsregnskapet = subject
• viser = verb
• fellesgjelden = object

So the structure is:

Subject + Verb + Object

This is the same basic pattern as in English:

• The annual statement
  • shows
    • the shared debt

This is a very good question because Norwegian and English do not always package financial terms the same way.

In Norwegian, regnskap is often treated as a singular noun meaning something like:

• accounting
• accounts
• financial statement
• financial report

So even if English might naturally say the annual accounts, Norwegian may use the singular årsregnskapet.

This is a vocabulary difference rather than a grammar mistake.

Fellesgjeld literally combines:

• felles = shared, common
• gjeld = debt

So fellesgjeld means shared debt or common debt.

In practice, this word is especially common in housing contexts, such as apartment cooperatives or shared property arrangements, where part of the debt belongs collectively to the residents rather than to just one person.

So the word is not just any debt; it often refers to a collective financial obligation.

A rough pronunciation guide for an English speaker would be:

• Årsregnskapet ≈ OARSH-regn-skah-pet
• fellesgjelden ≈ FELL-es-yell-den or FELL-es-gyell-den, depending on accent

A few important points:

• å sounds roughly like the vowel in more in many English accents
• gj can be difficult; in many speakers it sounds somewhat like a soft y sound at the start
• stress is usually early in the word:
  • ÅRSregnskapet
  • FELlesgjelden

Pronunciation varies somewhat by region, but those rough guides will help you get close.

Yes, that is possible, but it means something slightly different in terms of emphasis.

• Årsregnskapet viser fellesgjelden
  Neutral statement: The annual statement shows the shared debt

• Det viser årsregnskapet
  Literally: That is what the annual statement shows or The annual statement shows that

So your original sentence is the straightforward version. The alternative changes the focus and usually refers back to something already mentioned.

Not in this sentence.

Because the definite article is already attached to the noun, you normally do not add a separate article.

So:

• årsregnskapet already means the annual statement
• fellesgjelden already means the shared debt

A separate word like det can appear in other structures, but then it usually has a special function, for example with adjectives:

• det store regnskapet = the big account / statement

But in your sentence, no extra article is needed.