Hun er fornærmet.

It is originally the past participle of the verb å fornærme (to insult/offend), but in this sentence it is being used like an adjective after er.

So Hun er fornærmet describes her state: she is offended.

Compare:

• å fornærme = to insult/offend
• Hun har fornærmet noen. = She has insulted someone.
• Hun er fornærmet. = She is offended.

Because er fornærmet describes a current state.

• Hun er fornærmet. = She is offended.
• Hun ble fornærmet. = She became offended / She was offended.
• Hun har blitt fornærmet. = She has become offended / She has been offended.

A very important contrast:

• Hun har fornærmet ... means she has offended someone else, not that she herself feels offended.

So er is the natural choice when you are simply describing how she feels or appears now.

Because Norwegian does not make this kind of adjective agree with male vs. female the way some languages do.

You say:

• Han er fornærmet.
• Hun er fornærmet.

The form stays the same. In other words, hun being feminine does not require a special feminine ending here.

Yes, many speakers do use fornærma, especially in informal or more spoken Bokmål.

• fornærmet = neutral, standard, very safe in writing
• fornærma = more colloquial/spoken

If you are unsure, fornærmet is the safest form to learn first.

A rough English-friendly approximation is:

hoon air for-NAIR-met

A few notes:

• hun: the vowel is not exactly English oo, but hoon is a decent approximation.
• er: roughly like air, though dialects vary.
• fornærmet: the stress is on the second syllable: for-NAIR-met.
• æ sounds somewhat like the vowel in cat, but exact pronunciation depends on dialect.

As always in Norwegian, pronunciation varies by region, but this will get you close.

The basic word order is:

subject + verb + complement

So:

• Hun = subject
• er = verb
• fornærmet = complement

To make it negative, put ikke after the verb:

• Hun er ikke fornærmet. = She is not offended.

To make it a yes/no question, invert the verb and subject:

• Er hun fornærmet? = Is she offended?

It is usually closest to offended or insulted.

It is more specific than just upset. It often suggests that someone feels their dignity, feelings, or pride has been hurt by something said or done.

So:

• fornærmet = offended / insulted
• opprørt = upset/agitated
• sur = annoyed / grumpy / sulky

They overlap a little, but they are not the same.

• fornærmet = offended, insulted
• såret = hurt, wounded emotionally

So if someone feels insulted by a rude remark, fornærmet fits well.

If someone feels emotionally hurt, perhaps by rejection or a cruel comment, såret may be better.

Sometimes both can work, but the nuance is different:

• fornærmet focuses more on the insult
• såret focuses more on the emotional pain

Yes. In standard Bokmål, hun is the subject form meaning she.

Compare:

• Hun er fornærmet. = She is offended.
• Jeg så henne. = I saw her.

So hun = she, while henne = her.

Yes.

After a verb like er, it works as a predicate:

• Hun er fornærmet.

Before a noun, it works attributively:

• en fornærmet kvinne = an offended woman
• et fornærmet barn = an offended child

So the same word can appear both after the verb and before a noun.