Han har vondt i nesen.

Ha vondt is a very common Norwegian expression meaning to be in pain or to have pain.

So Han har vondt i nesen is built like:

• Han = he
• har = has
• vondt = pain / painful
• i nesen = in the nose

Norwegian often uses ha vondt where English might use hurt:

• Jeg har vondt i hodet. = My head hurts / I have a headache.
• Hun har vondt i ryggen. = Her back hurts.

You can also use gjør vondt in Norwegian:

• Nesen gjør vondt. = The nose hurts.

But when talking about a person experiencing pain, ha vondt is extremely natural.

Because vondt is the form used in the fixed expression ha vondt.

The adjective is based on vond (painful, bad), but in this expression Norwegian uses vondt. You should learn ha vondt as a set phrase.

Compare:

• et vondt sår = a painful wound
• såret er vondt = the wound is painful
• han har vondt = he is in pain

So in this sentence, vondt is simply the correct form after har in the expression ha vondt.

With body parts, Norwegian very often uses i in this pattern:

• ha vondt i hodet
• ha vondt i ryggen
• ha vondt i magen
• ha vondt i nesen

Even if English would sometimes say in or on, Norwegian commonly uses i for where the pain is felt in the body.

So i nesen is the normal choice here.

Norwegian often uses the definite form of body parts in expressions like this.

So:

• nese = nose
• nesen = the nose

In English, we often say his nose. In Norwegian, it is very common to use the definite form instead:

• Han har vondt i nesen.
  Literally: He has pain in the nose.
  Natural meaning: His nose hurts.

This happens a lot with body parts:

• Jeg har vondt i hodet. = My head hurts.
• Hun har vondt i armen. = Her arm hurts.

It can, but it is usually less natural in this kind of sentence.

Norwegian normally prefers:

• Han har vondt i nesen.

rather than:

• Han har vondt i hans nese.

Using the definite body part without a possessive is the usual pattern when the owner is already clear from the subject.

The same thing happens in many other sentences:

• Hun løftet hånden. = She raised her hand.
• Jeg vasket ansiktet. = I washed my face.

So nesen already implies his nose because han is the person being talked about.

Yes. Nesen and nesa are both acceptable forms of the definite singular of nese.

• nesen is often associated with Bokmål forms that look a bit more conservative or formal
• nesa is also very common in everyday speech and writing

So both of these are natural:

• Han har vondt i nesen.
• Han har vondt i nesa.

Which one you use depends a bit on style, dialect, and personal preference.

It specifically says that he has pain or soreness in the nose.

Depending on context, that could be because:

• he bumped his nose
• his nose is irritated
• he has a cold
• he has some other problem in the nose

So the sentence itself does not tell you the cause. It only tells you where the discomfort is.

The word order is the normal Norwegian main-clause order:

• Han = subject
• har = verb
• vondt i nesen = the rest of the predicate

So the pattern is:

Subject + verb + expression

This is the same as in many simple Norwegian sentences:

• Han er trøtt. = He is tired.
• Hun har feber. = She has a fever.
• Jeg har vondt i foten. = My foot hurts.

Yes, very often. This is one of the most useful patterns to learn.

Examples:

• Jeg har vondt i hodet. = My head hurts.
• Hun har vondt i magen. = Her stomach hurts.
• Vi har vondt i ryggen. = Our backs hurt / We have back pain.
• Barnet har vondt i øret. = The child has an earache / pain in the ear.

So a very useful template is:

[person] + har vondt i + [definite body part]

Yes, that is possible.

• Han har vondt i nesen. = He has pain in his nose.
• Nesen hans gjør vondt. = His nose hurts.

Both are understandable and natural, but they focus slightly differently:

• Han har vondt i nesen focuses on him experiencing pain
• Nesen hans gjør vondt focuses on the nose as the thing that hurts

In everyday conversation, ha vondt i is extremely common.

The dt in vondt can be tricky for learners. In normal speech, the ending is not pronounced the way an English speaker might expect from the spelling.

You do not pronounce it like a strong English d-t sequence.

The exact pronunciation can vary somewhat by dialect and speaking style, but the important point for a learner is:

• learn vondt as one common spoken word
• listen to native audio if possible
• do not try to pronounce every letter separately

This is a good word to learn by imitation rather than spelling alone.