Penilaian itu menilai prestasi dan kemajuan melalui pemantauan.

In Malay, demonstratives like ini and itu usually come after the noun.

• penilaian itu = that assessment / the assessment
• buku ini = this book

So the order is different from English. Malay normally says noun + ini/itu, not this/that + noun.

Both words come from the same root, nilai, but they belong to different word classes.

• nilai = value / mark / evaluate, depending on context
• penilaian = assessment, evaluation
  
  • this is a noun
• menilai = to assess, to evaluate
  
  • this is a verb

So in this sentence:

• Penilaian itu = the assessment
• menilai = assesses / evaluates

Malay often builds related nouns and verbs from the same root with affixes.

Penilaian is formed from the root nilai with the circumfix peN- ... -an.

• root: nilai
• noun form: penilaian

This pattern often creates a noun referring to a process, result, or concept related to the root. Here, penilaian means assessment or evaluation.

You do not need to calculate the exact sound changes every time at first, but it is useful to notice that peN- ... -an is a very common noun-forming pattern in Malay.

Because menilai is the normal active verb form. The prefix meN- is very common in Malay for making active verbs, especially transitive ones.

• nilai by itself is the root
• menilai = to assess / to evaluate

In a full sentence, Malay usually uses the affixed verb rather than the bare root when expressing an action:

• Penilaian itu menilai... = The assessment assesses...

So menilai is the grammatically complete verb here.

Yes, that is completely normal in Malay. It may sound repetitive to an English speaker, but Malay often uses related forms from the same root if that is the most precise wording.

Here:

• penilaian = assessment
• menilai = assesses

So the sentence is structurally natural, even though English might prefer to avoid repeating assess / assessment in some contexts.

Prestasi dan kemajuan means performance and progress.

Malay nouns usually do not need special plural marking unless the speaker wants to emphasize plurality. Very often, context is enough.

So:

• prestasi = performance
• kemajuan = progress
• prestasi dan kemajuan = performance and progress

There is no need to add anything like English -s. Malay does not work that way.

Kemajuan means progress or advancement.

It comes from the root maju, which means advanced, forward, or to progress, with the circumfix ke- ... -an:

• root: maju
• noun: kemajuan

This pattern often forms abstract nouns. So kemajuan is the abstract idea of moving forward or improving.

Melalui means through, by means of, or via in this sentence.

So:

• melalui pemantauan = through monitoring / by means of monitoring

It introduces the method or means by which the assessment evaluates performance and progress.

Pemantauan means monitoring.

It comes from the root pantau, meaning to monitor, with the circumfix peN- ... -an:

• pantau = monitor
• pemantauan = monitoring

So melalui pemantauan literally means through monitoring.

This is another common Malay word-building pattern where a root becomes a noun referring to a process or activity.

The sentence follows a very common Malay pattern:

• Penilaian itu = subject
• menilai = verb
• prestasi dan kemajuan = object
• melalui pemantauan = prepositional phrase showing method

So the structure is roughly:

Subject + Verb + Object + Method

This is quite similar to English word order, which makes the sentence easier for English speakers to follow.

Yes. In many contexts, itu can function like that, but it can also help make a noun definite, so it may be translated naturally as the.

So penilaian itu could be understood as:

• that assessment
• the assessment

The best English translation depends on context. Malay does not have articles exactly like the and a, so words like itu sometimes help express definiteness.

Yes. It tells us how the action of evaluating is done.

• menilai prestasi dan kemajuan = evaluates performance and progress
• melalui pemantauan = through monitoring

So the phrase functions adverbially, even though it is built with the preposition melalui plus the noun pemantauan.

Yes, depending on style and emphasis. For example, a writer might choose slightly different wording if they want to avoid repeating the nilai root. But the original sentence is still grammatical and understandable.

A possible alternative might use a different verb such as one meaning measure or observe, depending on the exact intended meaning. Still, Penilaian itu menilai prestasi dan kemajuan melalui pemantauan is a valid and natural enough structure for learners to study because it clearly shows how Malay builds related nouns and verbs from the same root.