Gigi geraham yang patah itu memerlukan tampalan gigi.

They are doing two different jobs:

• gigi geraham = molar tooth / molar
• tampalan gigi = dental filling / tooth filling

In Malay, noun + noun combinations are very common.

So:

• gigi geraham literally = tooth molar
• tampalan gigi literally = filling tooth

This is normal Malay word order for many compound-like expressions. Even though gigi appears twice, it is not repetitive in an unnatural way.

Geraham means molar, the large tooth at the back of the mouth used for grinding food.

So:

• gigi = tooth / teeth
• gigi geraham = molar tooth / molar

In everyday English, we usually just say molar. In Malay, gigi geraham is the usual full expression.

Yang introduces a relative clause, similar to that, which, or who in English.

In this sentence:

• gigi geraham yang patah itu

means:

• that molar which is broken
• more naturally in English: the broken molar

So yang patah describes gigi geraham.

A useful pattern is:

• noun + yang + description

Examples:

• buku yang tebal = the book that is thick / the thick book
• orang yang baik = the person who is kind

In Malay, when a noun is followed by a relative clause or description, itu often comes at the end of the whole noun phrase.

So:

• gigi geraham yang patah itu

means that broken molar or the broken molar

Malay often structures it like this:

• noun + description + itu

rather than putting itu immediately after the noun.

Compare:

• budak itu = that child
• budak yang sedang tidur itu = that child who is sleeping

So in your sentence, itu refers to the entire phrase gigi geraham yang patah.

It can feel like either, depending on context.

Literally, itu often means that. But in many sentences, especially when the thing is already known or identified, it may sound more natural in English as the.

So:

• gigi geraham yang patah itu

could be understood as:

• that broken molar
• or simply the broken molar

This is very common in Malay. The exact English translation depends on context.

Both are possible, but they are slightly different in tone and structure.

• perlu = need / necessary
• memerlukan = to require / to need

In this sentence:

• Gigi geraham yang patah itu memerlukan tampalan gigi = The broken molar requires a filling

This sounds a bit more formal or medical.

A more everyday version could be:

• Gigi geraham yang patah itu perlu ditampal = The broken molar needs to be filled

So memerlukan is a perfectly natural choice, especially in a more formal or clinical context.

The prefix meN- often forms an active verb.

Here:

• root idea: perlu = need / necessary
• derived verb: memerlukan = to need / require

So memerlukan is an active verb meaning requires.

The subject is:

• Gigi geraham yang patah itu

and the verb is:

• memerlukan

and the object is:

• tampalan gigi

So the structure is:

• Subject + Verb + Object

Tampalan gigi means dental filling or tooth filling.

• tampalan = a patch, filling, something used to cover or repair
• tampalan gigi = a filling for a tooth

In a dental context, English usually just says a filling.

So the sentence could be translated naturally as:

• The broken molar needs a filling.

Malay does not use articles like English a, an, and the.

That means nouns can appear without an article, and the listener understands the meaning from context.

So:

• tampalan gigi could mean
  • a filling
  • the filling
  • dental filling in a general sense

In this sentence, English naturally uses a filling:

• The broken molar requires a filling.

Yes, patah is a normal and natural word for broken.

It is often used for things that are snapped, fractured, or broken, including:

• gigi patah = a broken tooth
• kaki patah = a broken leg
• pensel patah = a broken pencil

So yang patah simply means that is broken.

Yes. The original sentence is correct, but it sounds somewhat formal or clinical.

A more everyday version might be:

• Gigi geraham yang patah itu perlu ditampal. = The broken molar needs to be filled.

Or:

• Gigi geraham itu patah dan perlu ditampal. = That molar is broken and needs a filling.

The original sentence is still very good, especially in medical or written contexts.

The structure is:

• Gigi geraham yang patah itu = subject
• memerlukan = verb
• tampalan gigi = object

So it follows the common Malay order:

• Subject + Verb + Object

Broken down:

• Gigi geraham = molar tooth
• yang patah = which is broken
• itu = that / the
• memerlukan = requires
• tampalan gigi = a dental filling

So the sentence is grammatically quite straightforward once you identify the long subject phrase.