Berdasarkan tanda amaran itu, permukaan licin ini berbahaya.

Berdasarkan means something like based on, according to, or on the basis of.

In this sentence, Berdasarkan tanda amaran itu sets up the reason or source for the statement:

• Based on that warning sign, ...

It comes from dasar meaning basis/foundation, with the prefix ber-, but in modern usage learners often just treat berdasarkan as a fixed expression meaning based on.

You may also hear berdasarkan pada, but berdasarkan by itself is very common and natural.

Malay often forms noun combinations with the main noun first and the modifying noun after it.

So:

• tanda = sign
• amaran = warning
• tanda amaran = warning sign

The core thing is a sign, and amaran tells you what kind of sign it is.

This is a common pattern in Malay:

• rumah batu = stone house
• kad pengenalan = identity card
• tanda amaran = warning sign

So amaran tanda would not be the normal order.

Because in Malay, adjectives usually come after the noun they describe.

So:

• permukaan = surface
• licin = slippery / smooth

Therefore:

• permukaan licin = slippery surface

This is different from English, where adjectives usually come before the noun:

• slippery surface

Other examples:

• rumah besar = big house
• jalan sempit = narrow road
• air panas = hot water

In Malay, demonstratives such as ini and itu usually come at the end of the noun phrase.

So:

• permukaan licin ini = this slippery surface
• tanda amaran itu = that warning sign

The usual order is:

noun + adjective + demonstrative

So:

• permukaan licin ini not
• ini permukaan licin

Compare:

• kereta merah itu = that red car
• buku tebal ini = this thick book

Ini means this, and itu means that.

So in the sentence:

• tanda amaran itu = that warning sign
• permukaan licin ini = this slippery surface

Malay uses ini for something close to the speaker or current focus, and itu for something farther away or less immediate, much like English this and that.

Malay often leaves out the verb to be in simple statements.

So:

• permukaan licin ini berbahaya literally looks like
• this slippery surface dangerous

But it naturally means:

• This slippery surface is dangerous

This is very normal in Malay. You do not need a word equivalent to English is in sentences like this.

Other examples:

• Dia guru = He/She is a teacher
• Rumah itu besar = That house is big
• Cuaca hari ini panas = The weather today is hot

Berbahaya means dangerous.

It is built from:

• bahaya = danger
• berbahaya = dangerous / hazardous

So:

• bahaya is a noun: danger
• berbahaya is an adjective-like word: dangerous

Compare:

• Ada bahaya di sini = There is danger here
• Tempat ini berbahaya = This place is dangerous

In this sentence, berbahaya describes permukaan licin ini, so it works like an adjective.

Not always. Licin can mean smooth, slick, or slippery, depending on context.

For example:

• kulitnya licin = the skin is smooth
• jalan itu licin = the road is slippery

In your sentence, because there is a warning sign and the context is about safety, licin is best understood as slippery.

So permukaan licin ini here means:

• this slippery surface

not just

• this smooth surface

The comma separates the introductory phrase from the main statement.

Structure:

• Berdasarkan tanda amaran itu, = introductory phrase
• permukaan licin ini berbahaya = main clause

The first part gives the basis for the speaker’s conclusion:

• Based on that warning sign, ...

Then the main idea follows:

• this slippery surface is dangerous

The comma makes the sentence easier to read, much like in English.

Yes, that is grammatically possible, but it sounds a bit less natural in many contexts.

Compare:

• Berdasarkan tanda amaran itu, permukaan licin ini berbahaya.

  • Starts with the basis for the conclusion
  • Very natural if you want to emphasize the evidence

• Permukaan licin ini berbahaya berdasarkan tanda amaran itu.

  • Also understandable
  • Can sound as if berdasarkan tanda amaran itu is attached more tightly at the end
  • Slightly less smooth for this kind of statement

So the original version is a very natural way to present the idea.

This is an important difference.

• permukaan licin ini = this slippery surface

  • one noun phrase
  • licin describes permukaan
  • ini points to the whole noun phrase

• permukaan ini licin = this surface is slippery

  • full sentence
  • permukaan ini = subject
  • licin = predicate

So the word order changes the structure:

• permukaan licin ini berbahaya = this slippery surface is dangerous

• permukaan ini licin = this surface is slippery

This is a very common pattern in Malay, so it is worth noticing carefully.