In officina textoris stamen longum pendet, et textrix subtemen lente ducit.

Because in takes different cases depending on the meaning:

• in + ablative = in / inside / at a place
• in + accusative = into a place, showing motion toward it

Here the sentence describes where something is happening, not movement into the workshop, so Latin uses the ablative: in officina.

Textoris is the genitive singular of textor, and the genitive often shows possession or relationship.

So:

• officina = workshop
• textoris = of the weaver

Together, officina textoris literally means the workshop of the weaver.

English often uses of or an apostrophe, but Latin usually uses the genitive case instead.

They are related words, but they are different nouns:

• textor = weaver (often masculine in form)
• textrix = female weaver

So textoris is the genitive of textor, while textrix is a separate nominative form.

If you wanted to say in the workshop of the female weaver, you would expect officina textricis instead.

The sentence has two clauses joined by et.

1. In officina textoris stamen longum pendet

   • subject: stamen longum
   • verb: pendet

2. et textrix subtemen lente ducit

   • subject: textrix
   • verb: ducit
   • direct object: subtemen

A helpful habit in Latin is to find the finite verb first, then ask who or what is doing it.

Because adjectives in Latin must agree with the noun they describe in:

• gender
• number
• case

Here the noun is stamen, which is:

• neuter
• singular
• nominative

So the adjective must also be neuter singular nominative: longum.

• stamen is nominative singular, because it is the subject of pendet
• subtemen is accusative singular, because it is the direct object of ducit

An important detail: both words are neuter third-declension nouns, and in many neuter nouns the nominative and accusative forms are identical. So you have to use the sentence structure and the verb to tell their role.

Lente is an adverb, modifying the verb ducit.

It tells how the weaver draws the thread: slowly.

This is different from an adjective like lentus, lenta, lentum, which would describe a noun instead of a verb.

Latin word order is more flexible because grammatical endings show the role of each word.

English relies heavily on word order:

• the weaver draws the weft

Latin can move words around more freely because forms like textoris, textrix, and subtemen help show what each word is doing.

In this sentence, the order is quite natural for Latin:

• place first: In officina textoris
• then the subject and verb: stamen longum pendet
• then the second clause: et textrix subtemen lente ducit

So the order is not random, but it does not have to match English order exactly.

Yes. Both are present active indicative, third person singular:

• pendet = hangs / is hanging
• ducit = leads / draws / is drawing

They are third person singular because each has a singular subject:

• stamen hangs
• textrix draws

Classical Latin does not have definite and indefinite articles like English the and a/an.

So:

• officina can mean a workshop or the workshop
• textrix can mean a female weaver or the female weaver

Context tells you which is meant. That is very normal in Latin.

Yes. The basic idea of ducere is to lead or draw along. In a weaving context, that sense works well: the weaver draws or pulls along the subtemen.

So although ducere is a very broad verb in Latin, here it fits the practical action of weaving quite naturally.