Avia puellam blanda voce consolatur et osculum in fronte dat.

Because avia is in the nominative singular, which is the case normally used for the subject of the sentence.

• avia = grandmother
• nominative singular ending shows she is the one doing the actions

So avia ... consolatur et ... dat means the grandmother comforts ... and gives ...

Puellam is accusative singular, the case used for the direct object.

Here, the girl is the person being comforted:

• puella = girl
• puellam = the girl, as the object of the verb

So avia puellam consolatur means the grandmother comforts the girl.

Because consolatur is a deponent verb.

Deponent verbs:

• have passive forms
• but active meanings

So:

• consolatur looks like he/she is comforted
• but actually means he/she comforts

That is why avia puellam consolatur means the grandmother comforts the girl, not is comforted.

Blanda voce is in the ablative singular.

• blanda = gentle, soothing
• voce = voice

Together they mean with a gentle voice or in a soothing voice.

This is a common Latin use of the ablative to show means, manner, or the way something is done.

So puellam blanda voce consolatur means she comforts the girl with a gentle voice.

Because adjectives in Latin agree with the nouns they describe in gender, number, and case.

Here:

• blanda = feminine singular ablative
• voce = feminine singular ablative

They match, so blanda describes voce.

By contrast:

• avia is nominative singular
• puellam is accusative singular

So blanda cannot be modifying those words here.

Latin often uses the expression osculum dare, literally to give a kiss.

So:

• osculum = a kiss
• dat = gives

Together: gives a kiss

This is very natural Latin. English can say both gives a kiss and kisses, but Latin often prefers the noun + dare expression in sentences like this.

Because it is the direct object of dat.

• dat = gives
• what does she give? osculum = a kiss

So osculum must be in the accusative singular.

Because in takes different cases depending on the meaning:

• in + ablative = in/on a place, showing location
• in + accusative = into/onto a place, showing motion toward

Here the meaning is location: on the forehead.

So:

• in fronte = on the forehead

If Latin wanted to emphasize motion onto the forehead, it might use a different construction, but here the normal phrase is in fronte.

Fronte is ablative singular of frons, frontis, meaning forehead or brow.

It is ablative because it follows in in a location sense:

• in fronte = on the forehead

Latin word order is much more flexible than English word order because the endings show the grammatical roles.

English depends heavily on order:

• The grandmother comforts the girl

Latin can move words around more freely because:

• avia shows the subject
• puellam shows the object
• voce / fronte show ablative phrases

So Avia puellam blanda voce consolatur et osculum in fronte dat is natural Latin even though it is not arranged exactly like English.

Yes. Latin often places descriptive or important phrases before the verb.

So blanda voce before consolatur helps present the manner of the action first:

• with a gentle voice, she comforts the girl

This is a stylistic choice, not a strict rule. Latin could rearrange the words and still keep the same basic meaning.

Classical Latin has no definite article and no indefinite article.

So a noun like avia can mean:

• grandmother
• a grandmother
• the grandmother

The exact sense depends on context and translation choice.

The same is true for:

• puellam = the girl or a girl
• osculum = a kiss or the kiss, depending on context

Because the same subject, avia, is understood with both verbs:

• consolatur = comforts
• dat = gives

So the sentence means:

• The grandmother comforts the girl ... and gives a kiss ...

Latin does not need to repeat avia before the second verb unless it wants extra emphasis.

Both are present tense.

• consolatur = she comforts / is comforting
• dat = she gives / is giving

Latin present tense can often be translated in more than one way in English, depending on context.

Yes. That is often the most natural English translation.

Literally, Latin says:

• gives a kiss on the forehead

But idiomatic English often prefers:

• kisses her on the forehead

Both convey the same idea, but the Latin structure is useful to notice: osculum is the thing given, and in fronte tells where the kiss is given.

Not explicitly by grammar alone. Latin simply says on the forehead.

From the context, we naturally understand that it is the girl's forehead, since the grandmother is comforting the girl and then giving a kiss.

Latin often leaves this kind of possession unstated when it is obvious from the situation.

Many textbooks would classify it as ablative of manner, because it describes how she comforts the girl: in a gentle voice.

Some explanations may treat it more loosely as an ablative showing means or instrument. In practice, the important point is that the ablative phrase tells the manner of the action.

So for a learner, the key idea is:

• blanda voce = with a gentle voice / in a gentle voice