Medica venam pueri tangit et pulsum eius sentit.

Yes. Medica means female doctor (or woman doctor), and the -a ending shows it is feminine singular nominative here, so it is the subject of the sentence.

It is the feminine form corresponding to masculine medicus.

• medicus = male doctor
• medica = female doctor

In this sentence, medica is the one doing the actions: tangit and sentit.

Because venam is in the accusative singular. It is the direct object of tangit.

The verb tangere means to touch, and the thing being touched goes into the accusative case.

So:

• vena = a vein / the vein as a subject form
• venam = a vein / the vein as a direct object

That is why Latin says venam tangit = she touches the vein.

Pueri is genitive singular, meaning of the boy.

So:

• puer = boy
• pueri = of the boy

In venam pueri, Latin is literally saying the vein of the boy, which English usually expresses as the boy's vein.

This is a very common Latin pattern:

• liber pueri = the boy's book
• vox puellae = the girl's voice

Here it means the boy's vein.

Because pueri is genitive singular, it naturally modifies venam:

• venam pueri = the vein of the boy

A learner might notice that pueri can also be nominative plural in other contexts, meaning boys, but not here. In this sentence, the structure makes the genitive meaning clear.

Tangit means he/she/it touches.

It is:

• 3rd person singular
• present tense
• from tangere = to touch

Since the subject is medica, we translate it as she touches.

A useful mini-pattern:

• tango = I touch
• tangis = you touch
• tangit = he/she/it touches

Yes. Sentit means he/she/it feels, from sentire.

In medical context, pulsum sentit means she feels the pulse or she checks the pulse by touch.

Like tangit, it is:

• 3rd person singular
• present tense

So the two verbs are parallel:

• tangit = she touches
• sentit = she feels

This is a very common question.

Eius means his / her / its / of him / of her / of it. It is the genitive singular of is, ea, id.

So:

• pulsum eius = his pulse / literally the pulse of him

Latin often uses eius when referring to someone else's possession.

By contrast, suus, sua, suum usually refers back to the subject of the clause, meaning his/her/its own.

Here the subject is medica. The pulse belongs to the boy, not to the doctor. So Latin uses eius, not suum.

Compare:

• Medica pulsum eius sentit = The doctor feels his pulse (his = the boy's)
• Medica pulsum suum sentit = The doctor feels her own pulse

Latin word order is much freer than English word order.

Both of these are possible in Latin:

• pulsum eius
• eius pulsum

In this sentence, pulsum eius is perfectly normal and means his pulse.

English usually puts possessives before the noun, but Latin can place them before or after. The case ending tells you the relationship, so word order does not have to do all the work.

Pulsum is accusative singular, because it is the direct object of sentit.

So:

• pulsus = pulse in nominative singular
• pulsum = pulse in accusative singular

That is why Latin says:

• pulsum sentit = she feels the pulse

A learner may also notice that pulsus is a 4th-declension noun, not a regular 2nd-declension noun, even though the accusative singular still ends in -um here.

Because they belong to different declensions.

Both are accusative singular, but different noun groups form that case differently:

• vena (1st declension) → venam
• pulsus (4th declension) → pulsum

So the grammatical job is the same, but the endings differ because the nouns belong to different patterns.

Because Classical Latin has no definite article like English the, and no indefinite article like a/an either.

So:

• medica can mean doctor or the doctor
• venam can mean a vein or the vein
• pulsum can mean a pulse or the pulse

The context tells you which English article is natural.

Yes, that is a very literal way to see the structure:

• Medica = the female doctor
• venam pueri = the vein of the boy
• tangit = touches
• et = and
• pulsum eius = the pulse of him
• sentit = feels

But idiomatic English would normally say:

The doctor touches the boy's vein and feels his pulse.

Literal translation is useful for understanding the grammar; natural translation is better for normal English.

The sentence is:

Medica venam pueri tangit et pulsum eius sentit.

A rough pattern is:

subject + object + verb + and + object + verb

Latin often likes to place the verb near the end, but word order is flexible because the endings show the grammar.

So Latin could rearrange this in other ways, for example:

• Medica tangit venam pueri et sentit pulsum eius.
• Venam pueri medica tangit et pulsum eius sentit.

These would still mean essentially the same thing, though emphasis might shift.

Because there is only one explicit nominative subject, medica, and both verbs are 3rd person singular.

So Latin naturally understands:

• medica tangit = the doctor touches
• (medica) sentit = the doctor feels

Latin often does not repeat the subject when it is the same for multiple verbs.

Usually, yes. Et is the common Latin word for and.

Here it simply links two actions:

• tangit = touches
• sentit = feels

So:

tangit et sentit = touches and feels

Yes: the verb endings.

Both verbs are present tense:

• tangit = she touches
• sentit = she feels

The -it ending here marks 3rd person singular present for these verbs.

So the sentence describes what the doctor is doing now or in a general present-time scene.