Cum in templo oramus, fides timorem vincit.

Latin has two different words spelled cum:

• cum = with when it is a preposition, usually placed after a pronoun, as in mecum (with me)
• cum = when / since / although when it is a conjunction introducing a clause

In Cum in templo oramus, cum is a conjunction introducing the clause when we pray in the temple.

So here it does not mean with.

Because in can take two different cases depending on the meaning:

• in + accusative = motion into something
  
  • in templum = into the temple
• in + ablative = location in something
  
  • in templo = in the temple

Since this sentence describes where the praying happens, not movement toward the temple, Latin uses the ablative: in templo.

In Latin, the verb ending often already tells you who the subject is.
The ending -mus means we.

So oramus breaks down like this:

• ora- = the verb stem from orare (to pray)
• -mus = we

That means oramus by itself already means we pray.

Latin can add nos for emphasis, but it usually does not need to.

Oramus is:

• 1st person plural
• present tense
• active voice
• indicative mood

From the dictionary form orare (to pray).

So grammatically it means we pray or we are praying, depending on context.

Because fides is in the nominative case, which is the case typically used for the subject of a sentence.

Here is the basic structure:

• fides = nominative singular = faith → subject
• timorem = accusative singular = fear → direct object
• vincit = conquers / overcomes

So fides is the thing doing the action.

Because it is the direct object of vincit.

The verb vincere means to conquer, defeat, or overcome, and the thing being conquered goes in the accusative case.

So:

• timor = nominative = fear as subject
• timorem = accusative = fear as object

In this sentence, faith is overcoming fear, so Latin uses timorem.

The verb helps tell us. Vincit is 3rd person singular, meaning he/she/it conquers.

So the subject must be singular too. That matches fides, which here is nominative singular.

If the subject were plural, the verb would be plural too, for example vincunt.

Because the sentence has two different clauses with two different subjects:

1. Cum in templo oramus
   
   • subject understood from -mus = we
2. fides timorem vincit
   
   • subject = fides (faith)

So oramus is plural because we are praying, but vincit is singular because faith is singular.

Latin word order is much more flexible than English because the case endings show what each word is doing.

English depends heavily on word order:

• Faith conquers fear

Latin can move words around more freely:

• fides timorem vincit
• timorem fides vincit
• vincit fides timorem

These can all mean basically the same thing, though the emphasis may change.

In your sentence, putting Cum in templo oramus first sets the scene, and then fides comes early in the main clause, which gives it some prominence.

That is a very common question.

Cum can be used with either the indicative or the subjunctive, depending on meaning.

Here it uses the indicative because it is a straightforward temporal clause: when we pray in the temple.

A learner-friendly summary:

• cum + indicative often gives a simple time idea: when
• cum + subjunctive often gives background, cause, or concession: since, although, or a more literary when

Since this sentence is simple and direct, oramus is indicative.

It can naturally be understood as a general or repeated truth.

Latin present tense can express:

• something happening now
• something habitual
• something generally true

In a sentence like this, it most likely means something like a general principle: whenever this happens, faith overcomes fear.

So the present tense is not limited to one single moment.

Fides is a 5th-declension noun.

Its basic forms are:

• nominative singular: fides
• genitive singular: fidei

It is feminine.

That is useful because many beginners first learn mostly 1st- and 2nd-declension nouns, so fides can look unusual at first.

Timorem comes from timor, timoris, a 3rd-declension masculine noun.

Its relevant forms here are:

• nominative singular: timor = fear
• accusative singular: timorem = fear as a direct object

So the ending -em is a common 3rd-declension accusative singular ending.

Yes. Cum oramus, fides timorem vincit would still be grammatical and understandable.

Adding in templo gives extra information about place and may add a religious or solemn tone. It tells you not just when we pray, but more specifically when we pray in the temple.

So in templo is not required for grammar, but it contributes meaning and atmosphere.