Quamquam armarium plenum est, domina aliud vestimentum emere vult.

Quamquam means although or though. It introduces the subordinate clause quamquam armarium plenum est. So it sets up a contrast with the main clause that follows.

A useful grammar point: after quamquam, Latin commonly uses the indicative, as it does here with est.

Armarium is nominative singular neuter, and it is the subject of est.

The clause is saying that the wardrobe/cabinet is full, so armarium is the thing being described. Since it is a 2nd-declension neuter noun, its nominative singular ends in -um.

Because plenum is an adjective agreeing with armarium.

• armarium = nominative singular neuter
• plenum = nominative singular neuter

Even though English says the wardrobe is full, Latin still makes full match the subject in gender, number, and case. So plenum est literally means is full, with plenum agreeing with armarium.

Latin does not always need to say what something is full of. Plenum est can simply mean it is full.

If Latin wanted to specify what it was full of, it could add another word or phrase. But here the idea is complete without saying what the wardrobe is full of.

Because domina is the subject of the main verb vult.

The sentence has two parts:

• quamquam armarium plenum est → the subject is armarium
• domina aliud vestimentum emere vult → the subject is domina

So domina is nominative because she is the one who wants.

Aliud vestimentum means another garment or another piece of clothing.

Vestimentum is a neuter noun, so the adjective aliud must also be neuter to agree with it.

• vestimentum = accusative singular neuter
• aliud = accusative singular neuter

This comes from alius, alia, aliud, meaning other or another.

Because it is the direct object of emere.

The lady wants to buy what?
Answer: another garment

That makes vestimentum the thing being bought, so it goes in the accusative.

A detail that can confuse learners: for many neuter nouns, the nominative and accusative singular look the same. So vestimentum could be either form in appearance, but here its job in the sentence shows that it is accusative.

Because Latin uses an infinitive after verbs like vult (wants).

So:

• vult = she wants
• emere = to buy

Together, emere vult means wants to buy.

English uses a separate word to before the infinitive, but Latin does not. The infinitive form itself already carries that meaning.

Latin often does not need an explicit subject pronoun, because the verb ending already gives that information.

In vult, the ending tells us it is 3rd person singular: he/she/it wants. Here the noun domina is already present, so there is no need to add a separate pronoun.

Latin word order is more flexible than English word order, because the endings show how words function.

This sentence has a very natural order:

• Quamquam starts the subordinate clause
• domina appears early in the main clause as the subject
• aliud vestimentum comes before emere vult
• est and vult are both placed late in their clauses, which is common in Latin

But Latin could rearrange parts of the sentence for emphasis without changing the basic meaning.

It can suggest either idea depending on context.

With a singular noun like vestimentum, aliud vestimentum often means:

• another garment
• a different garment

In this sentence, either sense fits well: the lady wants one more item of clothing, or at least a different one, even though the wardrobe is already full.

Armarium usually means a cabinet, cupboard, closet, or wardrobe. In this sentence, wardrobe or clothes cabinet makes especially good sense because the second clause talks about buying clothing.

So the image is: even though the wardrobe is already full, the lady still wants to buy another garment.