Quamvis puellae laudem accipiant, modestiam tamen servant.

Because quamvis meaning although or even though is commonly followed by the subjunctive in Latin.

So in this sentence:

• accipiant = present subjunctive, 3rd person plural of accipere

This is a standard construction:

• quamvis + subjunctive

Even though English does not usually show a special verb form after although, Latin does.

Because servant is in the main clause, not in the clause introduced by quamvis.

The sentence is divided like this:

• Quamvis puellae laudem accipiant = subordinate concessive clause
• modestiam tamen servant = main clause

Latin often uses:

• subjunctive in the concessive clause after quamvis
• indicative in the main statement

So:

• accipiant = subjunctive
• servant = indicative

Here puellae is nominative plural, and it is the subject of both verbs:

• accipiant = they receive
• servant = they preserve / keep

So puellae means the girls.

A beginner might notice that puellae can also be:

• genitive singular
• dative singular
• nominative plural
• vocative plural

But here the verb is 3rd person plural, so nominative plural makes sense.

Both are accusative singular.

They are the direct objects of the verbs:

• laudem accipiant = receive praise
• modestiam servant = preserve modesty

Forms:

• laus, laudis → laudem
• modestia, modestiae → modestiam

So each noun is what the action is being done to.

Because Latin often likes to pair a concessive word like quamvis with tamen in the main clause.

This gives a pattern like:

• Although X, nevertheless Y

So:

• quamvis = although
• tamen = nevertheless / still / yet

In English, nevertheless is often optional. In Latin, tamen is very common and helps emphasize the contrast.

Latin word order is much more flexible than English word order because Latin uses endings to show the role of each word.

In this sentence:

• puellae is the subject because of its form
• laudem and modestiam are objects because of their accusative endings
• accipiant and servant are the verbs

So Latin can arrange the words for style or emphasis without causing much confusion.

A very plain English-like order would be something like:

• Quamvis puellae accipiant laudem, tamen servant modestiam.

But the original order is perfectly natural Latin.

In the sense used here, yes: quamvis meaning although normally takes the subjunctive.

However, quamvis can also be used in another way, more like as much as you like or however much, and then it may behave a bit differently depending on the construction.

For a learner at this stage, the safest rule is:

• quamvis meaning although → usually followed by the subjunctive

Accipiant is present subjunctive active, 3rd person plural.

It is present because the sentence describes a general or ongoing idea:

• even though the girls are receiving praise / receive praise, they still preserve modesty

The present subjunctive after quamvis is very common when the action is happening at the same time as the main verb.

Servant is:

• present indicative active
• 3rd person plural
• from servare

So it means they preserve, they keep, or they maintain.

It is from the first conjugation:

• servo, servare, servavi, servatus

Do not confuse it with serviunt from servire (to serve), which is a different verb.

Yes, laudem is singular.

Latin often uses a singular abstract noun where English might use either singular or plural depending on style. So laudem accipiant can naturally mean:

• receive praise
• receive commendation

English does not always need an article here, and Latin has no articles anyway.

Latin has no articles, so it does not use words like the, a, or an.

It also often leaves possessive ideas implied when they are obvious from context. So modestiam servant can mean:

• they preserve modesty
• they preserve their modesty

Latin does not need to say suam modestiam unless it wants extra emphasis or clarity.

It naturally goes with both verbs.

So the structure is understood as:

• puellae accipiant
• puellae servant

Latin often states the subject once and lets it apply to more than one verb.

That is very common and perfectly normal.

It is a concessive clause.

A concessive clause expresses something like:

• although...
• even though...
• granted that...

It presents a fact or idea that might seem to go against the main statement, but does not prevent it.

So here the contrast is:

• they receive praise
• yet they still remain modest

That is exactly the kind of idea a concessive clause is used for.