Maritus togam albam induit et ad forum ambulat.

Maritus is nominative singular. It is the subject of the sentence—the person doing the actions.

• maritus = nominative singular of a 2nd-declension masculine noun
• It goes with the verbs induit and ambulat
• In English, we usually show the subject mainly by word order; in Latin, the ending helps show it

So maritus is nominative because the husband is the one acting.

Because togam albam is the direct object of induit.

The verb induit here means puts on, so the thing being put on must be in the accusative case.

• toga → nominative singular
• togam → accusative singular

And the adjective must match the noun:

• alba = nominative singular feminine
• albam = accusative singular feminine

So:

• togam = the toga, as object
• albam = white, agreeing with togam

In Latin, adjectives agree with the nouns they describe in gender, number, and case.

Here:

• togam is feminine singular accusative
• albam is also feminine singular accusative

That matching tells you that albam describes togam.

This agreement is very important in Latin, because word order is more flexible than in English.

Here induit means puts on.

That is the normal force of induere: to put on a garment, not simply to be in the state of wearing it.

So the sentence describes an action:

• first he puts on the white toga
• then he walks to the forum

If Latin wanted to focus more on the idea of wearing something, a different verb could be used.

Because induit can be spelled the same way in ordinary Latin texts for two different forms:

• present: he puts on
• perfect: he put on / has put on

In this sentence, the context strongly suggests the present:

• induit
• ambulat

The two present-tense verbs make a simple sequence in the present. So learners should read it here as he puts on.

Because ad is a preposition that commonly means to or toward, and it takes the accusative case.

So ad forum means to the forum.

This is the normal way to show motion toward a place in Latin.

Compare:

• ad forum = to the forum
• in foro = in the forum / at the forum

So if the husband is going there, ad forum is exactly what you would expect.

It actually is in the accusative, but this noun is neuter, so the form happens to look the same.

Forum is a 2nd-declension neuter noun. In the singular:

• nominative: forum
• accusative: forum

So after ad, it is accusative, even though the spelling does not change.

This is very common with neuter nouns in Latin:

• nominative singular = accusative singular

Because classical Latin does not have articles like English the or a/an.

Latin usually leaves that idea to context.

So:

• maritus can mean the husband or a husband
• togam albam can mean the white toga or a white toga
• forum can mean the forum

In most beginner translations, English adds the where it sounds natural, but Latin itself does not include a separate word for it.

Because Latin verbs already show person and number, so the subject can often be omitted—but it does not have to be.

• ambulat = he/she/it walks
• induit = he/she/it puts on

So Latin could have left out maritus if the subject were already clear. But including maritus makes the sentence clearer and more explicit.

In other words:

• Ambulat = He walks
• Maritus ambulat = The husband walks

Both are possible; the second simply names the subject directly.

No. Latin word order is much more flexible than English word order because the endings show how the words function.

So this sentence could be rearranged in several ways without changing the basic meaning, for example:

• Maritus togam albam induit et ad forum ambulat
• Togam albam maritus induit et ad forum ambulat
• Maritus ad forum ambulat et togam albam induit

However, changing the order can change the emphasis or the flow.

The order given here is very straightforward and easy for a learner:

• subject first
• object with adjective
• verb
• then the second action

Yes. Latin present tense often covers both ideas that English separates:

• walks
• is walking

So ambulat could be translated either way, depending on context.

The same general point applies to many Latin present-tense verbs: English may use either the simple present or the progressive present, while Latin uses one present form.