Magistra miratur quam diligenter discipula menda corrigat.

Because miratur comes from miror, mirari, a deponent verb.

Deponent verbs:

• have passive forms
• but active meanings

So miratur looks like he/she is wondered at, but it actually means he/she wonders, is amazed, or marvels.

Here:

• magistra miratur = the teacher wonders / is amazed

Because it is in an indirect question.

The clause quam diligenter discipula menda corrigat means how carefully the student corrects mistakes. After verbs like ask, know, see, wonder, find out, Latin often uses an indirect question, and the verb of an indirect question goes into the subjunctive.

So:

• direct question: Quam diligenter discipula menda corrigit? = How carefully does the student correct mistakes?
• indirect question: Magistra miratur quam diligenter discipula menda corrigat. = The teacher wonders how carefully the student corrects mistakes.

That is why Latin uses corrigat, not corrigit.

Here quam means how.

It modifies the adverb diligenter:

• diligenter = carefully
• quam diligenter = how carefully

So this is not the comparative use of quam meaning than, and it is not the relative pronoun quam meaning whom/which. It is an adverb introducing the indirect question.

Because each is the subject of its own verb.

• magistra is the subject of miratur
• discipula is the subject of corrigat

Latin often has a full clause inside another clause. The subordinate clause has its own subject and verb.

So the structure is:

• main clause: Magistra miratur
• indirect question: quam diligenter discipula menda corrigat

Even though discipula is inside the subordinate clause, it is still nominative because it is the subject of corrigat.

Because menda is a neuter plural form.

The noun is mendum, mendi, meaning mistake, fault, or error. Neuter plural nominative and accusative forms in the second declension end in -a.

So:

• singular: mendum
• plural nominative/accusative: menda

Here it is the direct object of corrigat, so it is accusative plural:

• discipula menda corrigat = the student corrects mistakes

Because discipula is nominative, and corrigat is third person singular.

In the subordinate clause:

• discipula = subject
• menda = direct object
• corrigat = may/is correcting in the subjunctive, third singular

So the grammar clearly says:

• the student corrects
• the mistakes are corrected

Word order can move around in Latin, but the case endings tell you the job of each word.

It breaks down like this:

• Magistra = the teacher
• miratur = wonders / is amazed
• quam diligenter = how carefully
• discipula = the student
• menda = mistakes
• corrigat = corrects, in the subjunctive because of the indirect question

So the sentence has:

1. a main clause: Magistra miratur
2. an indirect question: quam diligenter discipula menda corrigat

A good literal sense is:

• The teacher wonders how carefully the student corrects mistakes.

Depending on context, miratur can also give the nuance:

• The teacher marvels at how carefully the student corrects mistakes.

Because Latin word order is much more flexible than English, and verbs often come near the end, especially in more formal or literary style.

Here the order is very natural Latin:

• Magistra miratur
• quam diligenter discipula menda corrigat

Putting corrigat at the end helps complete the subordinate clause neatly. But Latin could rearrange many of these words without changing the core meaning, because the endings show the grammar.

Corrigat is present subjunctive, active, third person singular.

It is present subjunctive because:

• the main verb miratur is present
• the correcting is happening at the same time as the wondering

This follows the normal sequence of tenses for indirect questions:

• a primary main verb such as present, future, or perfect with present force
• often takes a present subjunctive for action happening at the same time

So:

• miratur = she wonders
• corrigat = how the student is correcting / corrects

If the main verb were past, Latin would often use the imperfect subjunctive instead.

It comes from corrigo, corrigere, correxi, correctum, meaning to correct.

To form the present subjunctive of a third-conjugation verb like corrigere, Latin uses -a- before the personal ending:

• corrigam
• corrigas
• corrigat
• corrigamus
• corrigatis
• corrigant

So corrigat means he/she/it may correct, or in context here simply corrects within an indirect question.

It can suggest either, depending on context.

The verb miror often means:

• wonder at
• be surprised at
• admire
• marvel at

So this sentence can mean:

• The teacher wonders how carefully the student corrects mistakes or
• The teacher marvels at how carefully the student corrects mistakes

If the meaning already given to the learner is one of these, the Latin supports that nuance well. The exact English choice depends on context and tone.

In a direct question, yes:

• Quam diligenter discipula menda corrigit?

But once it becomes an indirect question after miratur, standard Latin uses the subjunctive:

• quam diligenter discipula menda corrigat

So the important point is:

• direct question → often indicative
• indirect question → subjunctive

It is simply an adverb meaning carefully, diligently, or conscientiously.

It comes from diligens, meaning careful, diligent. In this sentence it tells us how the student corrects the mistakes.

So:

• discipula menda corrigat = the student corrects mistakes
• discipula menda diligenter corrigat = the student corrects mistakes carefully
• quam diligenter discipula menda corrigat = how carefully the student corrects mistakes

Because this is not a that-clause. It is an indirect question.

English can sometimes blur the difference, but Latin keeps them distinct.

Compare:

• The teacher says that the student corrects mistakes.

  • this would use a different construction in Latin, usually accusative + infinitive

• The teacher wonders how carefully the student corrects mistakes.

  • this is an indirect question, so Latin uses quam
    • subjunctive

So Latin does not need a word for that here, because the clause is introduced by quam, meaning how.