Magistra discipulos cras venire iubet.

Magistra is nominative singular, so it is the subject of iubet. It means the female teacher or mistress/teacher.

A learner may notice that it ends in -a, which is a very common ending for a first-declension nominative singular noun.

So in this sentence, magistra = the teacher as the one doing the ordering.

Discipulos is accusative plural, from discipulus (student, pupil).

It is accusative because with iubet (orders), Latin puts the person being ordered in the accusative. So discipulos means the students as the people whom the teacher orders.

In this construction, discipulos is also understood as the doer of venire. In English we say:

• The teacher orders the students to come tomorrow.

So the students are:

• the object of orders
• and at the same time the understood subject of to come

Latin does this very naturally.

Because after iubet, Latin commonly uses an infinitive to express what someone is ordered to do.

So:

• iubet = orders
• venire = to come

Together, discipulos ... venire iubet means she orders the students to come.

This is similar to English, where we also use an infinitive:

• orders the students to come

So venire is not the main verb of the sentence. The main verb is iubet.

In a way, it is both.

Grammatically:

• discipulos is the object of iubet

Logically:

• discipulos is the one performing venire

So the students are the people whom the teacher orders, and they are also the ones who are supposed to come.

This is a very common Latin pattern with verbs like iubeo.

Because Latin usually does not need a separate word equivalent to English to before an infinitive.

The infinitive form itself already carries that meaning. So:

• venire = to come

English uses two words:

• to come

Latin uses one:

• venire

So nothing is missing here.

Iubet is:

• present tense
• third person singular
• from iubeo, iubere = to order

So it means:

• she orders
• or sometimes the teacher orders

Because the subject is magistra, we understand it as she orders.

Depending on context, English might also translate the present as:

• is ordering

But the basic form is orders.

Cras means tomorrow.

In this sentence, it most naturally goes with venire, so the sense is:

• The teacher orders the students to come tomorrow.

In other words, tomorrow tells us when the coming is supposed to happen.

It does not usually mean that the ordering happens tomorrow. The most natural reading is that the teacher is ordering them now, and their coming is for tomorrow.

Yes. Latin word order is much freer than English word order because the endings show the grammatical roles.

So the following could all express basically the same idea:

• Magistra discipulos cras venire iubet.
• Magistra cras discipulos venire iubet.
• Discipulos magistra cras venire iubet.
• Magistra discipulos venire cras iubet.

However, different word orders can slightly change emphasis or style.

The given order is perfectly natural:

• subject first: magistra
• then the people ordered: discipulos
• then the time: cras
• then the infinitive: venire
• main verb at the end: iubet

That final-position verb is very common in Latin.

Because iubeo often takes an accusative + infinitive construction instead.

So Latin says:

• discipulos venire iubet
• literally, she orders the students to come

A learner might expect something more like orders that the students come, but with iubeo, Latin usually prefers this simpler infinitive pattern.

So this is normal Latin, not an omission.

You know from discipulos.

Even though venire does not have its own expressed subject in the nominative, the accusative discipulos is understood as the subject of the infinitive.

So the sentence means that the students are the ones who will come.

It does not mean that the teacher is coming.

This is a very common point of confusion.

Latin often uses the present infinitive after verbs like iubet even when the action is still future from the speaker’s point of view.

So venire here does not mean the students are coming right now. It means that they are ordered to come.

The future sense comes from the meaning of the whole sentence and especially from cras (tomorrow), not from changing the infinitive itself.

Yes. If the meaning has already been given, then in English it will often simply be the teacher, unless you specifically want to show that the teacher is female.

Latin makes the gender clear with magistra:

• magistra = female teacher
• magister = male teacher

English often does not mark this unless needed.

The dictionary forms are:

• magistra, magistrae = female teacher
• discipulus, discipuli = student
• cras = tomorrow
• venio, venire = to come
• iubeo, iubere = to order

Knowing the dictionary form helps you recognize why the sentence has these particular endings:

• magistra = nominative singular
• discipulos = accusative plural
• venire = infinitive
• iubet = third singular present

No, not in the usual Latin grammar sense.

It may look a little similar because you have an accusative (discipulos) plus an infinitive (venire), but this is not the normal accusative-and-infinitive indirect statement after a verb of saying or thinking.

Instead, this is the regular construction used with iubeo:

• order someone to do something

So it is better to think of it as:

• person ordered
  • infinitive of the action

rather than as an indirect statement.