Uxor et maritus simul ad forum ambulant.

Because the subject is uxor et maritus — wife and husband — which is two people, so Latin uses a third-person plural verb.

• ambulat = he/she walks
• ambulant = they walk

So:

• uxor ambulat = the wife walks
• uxor et maritus ambulant = the wife and husband walk

They are in the nominative case, because they are the subjects of the sentence — the people doing the action.

In this sentence:

• uxor = the wife
• maritus = the husband

Both are the ones who walk, so both are nominative.

Ad means to or toward, and it is commonly used when someone is moving to a place.

So:

• ad forum = to the forum

Latin often uses:

• ad
  • accusative for motion toward something

That is why forum is here with ad.

Because ad takes the accusative case, and forum is the accusative singular form.

For this noun:

• forum can be nominative singular or accusative singular
• foro is dative or ablative singular

Since ad requires the accusative, Latin uses ad forum, not ad foro.

Simul means together or at the same time. It is an adverb, so it describes how they are walking.

Here it tells us that the wife and husband are walking together.

Latin adverbs are often fairly movable, so you may see simul in different positions without changing the basic meaning very much.

Latin does not have definite or indefinite articles like English the, a, or an.

So:

• uxor can mean wife or the wife
• maritus can mean husband or the husband
• forum can mean forum or the forum

You figure out the most natural English translation from the context.

It is important, but it is also more flexible than in English.

Latin uses word endings much more than English to show grammatical roles, so the sentence could be rearranged in several ways and still mean basically the same thing. For example:

• Uxor et maritus simul ad forum ambulant.
• Simul uxor et maritus ad forum ambulant.
• Ad forum uxor et maritus simul ambulant.

These all still mean roughly The wife and husband walk together to the forum.

The word order mainly changes emphasis or style, not the core meaning.

Yes. Latin can say either:

• uxor et maritus
• maritus et uxor

Both mean wife and husband / husband and wife.

Choosing one order over the other may reflect:

• emphasis
• rhythm
• style
• what the speaker wants to mention first

But grammatically, both are fine.

Because the verb ending already tells you the subject is they.

In ambulant, the ending -nt shows third-person plural. So the verb itself already means they walk.

That is why Latin often does not need an explicit subject pronoun like ei or illi here.

Yes. Et is the basic and very common Latin word for and.

In this sentence:

• uxor et maritus = wife and husband

Latin also has another common way to express and: the enclitic -que, attached to the second word:

• uxor maritusque

That also means wife and husband, though et is the more straightforward form for beginners.

A common classroom pronunciation would be something like:

UK-sor et mah-REE-toos SEE-mool ad FOH-room ahm-boo-lahnt

A few helpful points:

• uxor: the x sounds like ks
• et: usually like et
• maritus: stress on ri
• simul: stress on the first syllable
• forum: stress on fo
• ambulant: stress on bu

Pronunciation can vary depending on whether someone is using Classical or Ecclesiastical pronunciation, but the grammar stays the same.