Hospes panem edere cupit, sed vinum hodie deest.

the bread

Breakdown of Hospes panem edere cupit, sed vinum hodie deest.

• vinum: the wine
• sed: but
• hodie: today

Questions & Answers about Hospes panem edere cupit, sed vinum hodie deest.

What does hospes mean grammatically here, and what case is it in?

Hospes is the subject of cupit. It’s in the nominative singular.
It’s a 3rd-declension noun: nominative hospes, genitive hospitis. It can be masculine or feminine depending on context (guest/host).

Why is panem in the accusative case?

Panem is the direct object of edere (to eat), so it takes the accusative.
Dictionary form is panis, panis (m.), and panem is its accusative singular.

Why do we have edere (an infinitive) instead of a finite verb like edit?

Because cupit (wants/desires) commonly takes a complementary infinitive in Latin:
cupit edere = wants to eat.
So edere depends on cupit and doesn’t carry tense/person on its own.

What verb is edere from, and is it irregular?

Edere is the present active infinitive of edo (to eat). It has some irregular/quirky forms. Common principal parts are:
edo, edere, edi, esum.
(Some forms can look like forms of sum; see the separate question on that.)