Puer quiete in cubiculo dormit.

The boy sleeps quietly in the bedroom.

Breakdown of Puer quiete in cubiculo dormit.

• in: in
• puer: the boy
• dormire: to sleep
• cubiculum: the bedroom
• quiete: quietly

Questions & Answers about Puer quiete in cubiculo dormit.

What does each word in Puer quiete in cubiculo dormit correspond to in English?

Word-by-word:

• Puer – boy (subject)
• quiete – quietly / peacefully
• in – in
• cubiculo – (the) bedroom
• dormit – sleeps / is sleeping

So a natural English translation is: The boy is sleeping quietly in the bedroom.

Why is there no word for “the” or “a” in the Latin sentence?

Latin normally has no separate words for “the” or “a/an.” It just has puer, which can mean:

• a boy
• the boy

Context decides whether we understand it as a or the. The same is true for cubiculum: it can be a bedroom or the bedroom depending on context.

So Puer dormit can be translated either A boy sleeps or The boy sleeps, depending on what makes sense in the passage.

Why is it puer and not puerus or something similar?

Puer belongs to the second declension, where many masculine nouns end in -us (like servus, amicus). However, some second-declension nouns end in -er in the nominative singular:

• puer, pueri – boy
• ager, agri – field

For puer, the nominative singular is simply puer. There is no extra -us form like puerus in correct Latin.

So:

• puer = nominative singular (subject form) → boy
• pueri = genitive singular (of the boy), or nominative plural (boys), depending on context.

How do we know that puer is the subject of the sentence?

In Latin, the subject is usually in the nominative case. The form puer is:

• case: nominative
• number: singular
• gender: masculine

That makes it a good candidate to be the subject. Also:

• dormit = he/she/it sleeps
• The verb ending -t shows third person singular, so the subject must be he / she / it.
• The only noun that matches that in the sentence is puer (boy → he).

So the grammar tells us puer is the subject: The boy sleeps.

What exactly is quiete? Is it an adjective, a noun, or an adverb?

In this sentence, quiete functions as an adverb meaning quietly / peacefully.

Formally, there are two ways you will see it explained:

1. As an adverb formed from the adjective quietus, -a, -um (quiet), with the typical adverb ending -e:

   • quietus → quiete = quietly

2. Or as an ablative of manner of the noun quies, quietis (rest, quiet), meaning something like in quiet / in a state of rest.

For a beginner, it’s most practical just to treat quiete here as an adverb modifying dormit:

• dormit – he sleeps
• quiete dormit – he sleeps quietly / peacefully

Why is it in cubiculo and not in cubiculi or some other form?

The preposition in can take two different cases in Latin:

• in + accusative → motion into something
  
  • in cubiculum = into the bedroom
• in + ablative → location in/on something
  
  • in cubiculo = in the bedroom

Here, the boy is already in the bedroom; there is no movement into it. So Latin uses in + ablative:

• cubiculo is ablative singular of cubiculum.
• in cubiculo = in the bedroom (place where he is).

What is the form of cubiculo, and how can I tell it isn’t the subject?

Cubiculo comes from the noun:

• cubiculum, cubiculi – bedroom, room

Its form here is:

• case: ablative
• number: singular
• gender: neuter

You know it isn’t the subject because:

1. The subject of a normal active verb in Latin is in the nominative, not the ablative.
2. Cubiculo follows the preposition in, which is a strong signal that it is the object of the preposition, not the subject.
3. The subject is already clearly supplied by puer in the nominative.

So in cubiculo is a prepositional phrase meaning in the bedroom, not the subject.

What is the form and meaning of dormit?

Dormit is a verb from dormio, dormire (to sleep).

Its form here:

• person: third
• number: singular
• tense: present
• voice: active
• mood: indicative

So dormit means he sleeps / she sleeps / it sleeps or he is sleeping, depending on context. Latin does not distinguish between “sleeps” and “is sleeping” in the verb form; both are covered by the present tense dormit.

Why does Latin just say dormit instead of “is sleeping” with a helping verb?

Latin does not use a separate helping verb (like English “is”) to form the present progressive (is sleeping). The simple present tense in Latin covers both:

• ongoing action (he is sleeping right now)
• general/habitual action (he sleeps every night)

So:

• Puer dormit can be:
  • The boy sleeps, or
  • The boy is sleeping,

depending on context. You choose the more natural English translation for the situation.

Can the words in this sentence be put in a different order in Latin?

Yes. Latin word order is more flexible than English because the endings show the grammatical roles. You might see:

• Puer in cubiculo quiete dormit.
• In cubiculo puer quiete dormit.
• Puer dormit quiete in cubiculo.

All still mean essentially The boy sleeps quietly in the bedroom.

However:

• The basic neutral order for simple sentences is often Subject – (adverbs / prepositional phrases) – Verb, so Puer quiete in cubiculo dormit is a very natural arrangement.
• Changing the order can add slight emphasis (e.g. putting in cubiculo first to stress where he is sleeping).

How would I say “The boys are sleeping quietly in the bedroom” using this pattern?

You mainly need to change the subject and verb to plural:

• puer → pueri (nominative plural: boys)
• dormit → dormiunt (third person plural: they sleep / are sleeping)

The rest stays the same:

• Pueri quiete in cubiculo dormiunt.
  = The boys are sleeping quietly in the bedroom.

How do you pronounce Puer quiete in cubiculo dormit?

In reconstructed Classical pronunciation (approximate English hints):

• Puer – PW-air (one syllable; the u and e make a diphthong like “pwair”)
• quiete – kwee-EH-teh (stress on eh: qui-e-te)
• in – in (like English “in” but shorter)
• cubiculo – koo-BEE-koh-loh (stress on BEE)
• dormit – DOR-mit (short i, like “bit”)

Put together (roughly):
PW-air kwee-EH-te in koo-BEE-koh-loh DOR-mit.