oneul achime chinguhanteseo mesijireul badasseoyo.

Yes, they both refer to time, but they add different pieces of information.

• 오늘 = today
• 아침에 = in the morning / this morning

Together, 오늘 아침에 means this morning in the sense of today in the morning.

Korean often stacks time expressions like this:

• 오늘 오전에 = today in the morning
• 어제 밤에 = yesterday at night
• 내일 저녁에 = tomorrow evening

So it is completely natural to use both.

That is a very common question.

In Korean, 에 is often used with time nouns to mean at / on / in:

• 아침에 = in the morning
• 세 시에 = at three o’clock
• 월요일에 = on Monday

But some time words often do not take 에, especially very common ones like:

• 오늘 = today
• 어제 = yesterday
• 내일 = tomorrow

So:

• 오늘 아침에 = natural
• 오늘에 = usually unnatural in this kind of sentence

친구한테서 means from a friend.

It is made of:

• 친구 = friend
• 한테서 = from someone

So:

• 친구한테서 메시지를 받았어요 = I received a message from a friend

The important part is -한테서, which marks the source, especially when the source is a person or animal.

Both mean from when talking about a person or animate source.

• 한테서 = more conversational
• 에게서 = a bit more formal or written

So these are both possible:

• 친구한테서 메시지를 받았어요
• 친구에게서 메시지를 받았어요

The first one sounds more like everyday speech.

Because 메시지 is the direct object of the verb 받다.

• 메시지 = message
• 를 = object marker

So 메시지를 받았어요 literally means received a message.

The particle 를 marks what was received.

받았어요 is the past polite form of 받다, which means to receive.

Breakdown:

• 받다 = to receive
• 받았- = received
• -어요 = polite ending

So 받았어요 means received or I received in polite speech.

The past tense is formed with -았/었-, so:

• 받다 → 받았어요

받았어요 is in the polite informal style, often called the -어요 style.

It is:

• polite
• very common in everyday conversation
• appropriate in many normal situations

It is less formal than:

• 받았습니다

and more polite than:

• 받았어

So this sentence sounds natural and polite for ordinary conversation.

The subject is omitted, which is very normal in Korean.

In English, you usually need to say I received a message. In Korean, if the subject is obvious from context, it is often left out.

This sentence could imply:

• I received a message from a friend this morning
• or sometimes someone received a message, depending on context

If you wanted to include the subject, you could say:

• 저는 오늘 아침에 친구한테서 메시지를 받았어요
• 제가 오늘 아침에 친구한테서 메시지를 받았어요

But in natural Korean, leaving it out is very common.

Yes. Korean does not use articles like a and the the way English does.

So 친구 can mean:

• a friend
• the friend
• my friend
• sometimes just friend, depending on context

In this sentence, English often translates it as a friend, but the exact nuance depends on the situation.

If the speaker wanted to be more explicit, they could say:

• 제 친구 = my friend

It can, depending on context.

메시지 is a loanword from English message, and in modern Korean it can refer to:

• a text message
• a chat/app message
• a general message

If the speaker specifically wants to say text message, Korean often uses:

• 문자(메시지)

So:

• 문자를 받았어요 = I received a text message

But 메시지 is very natural and common, especially in everyday speech.

The word order can be changed more freely than in English, as long as the particles make the roles clear.

The original sentence:

• 오늘 아침에 친구한테서 메시지를 받았어요

could also appear as:

• 친구한테서 오늘 아침에 메시지를 받았어요
• 메시지를 오늘 아침에 친구한테서 받았어요

However, the original order is very natural and neutral.

One important rule is that the verb usually comes at the end in Korean:

• ... 받았어요

So while time and object phrases can move around, the final verb position is usually kept.

In careful grammar, 한테서 clearly means from, so it is the most precise choice here:

• 친구한테서 메시지를 받았어요 = I received a message from a friend

In everyday speech, some people do say 친구한테 받았어요, and it can still be understood as received from a friend because the verb 받다 already suggests receiving from someone.

Still, for learners, 한테서 is the clearest and safest form when you want to express from someone.