yatyou no kansatu wo kirokusuru.

It is read:

やちょう の かんさつ を きろくする。

Word by word:

• 野鳥（やちょう） = wild bird(s)
• 観察（かんさつ） = observation
• 記録する（きろくする） = to record

In normal Japanese writing, it would usually be written without spaces:

野鳥の観察を記録する。

の connects nouns.

Here, 野鳥の観察 means something like:

• observation of wild birds
• wild bird observation
• birdwatching observation

So 野鳥 modifies 観察.

A very literal breakdown is:

• 野鳥 = wild birds
• 野鳥の観察 = the observation of wild birds

This is a very common Japanese pattern:

A の B = B of A / A-type B

Examples:

• 日本の文化 = Japanese culture / culture of Japan
• 鳥の写真 = photo of a bird / bird photo

を marks the direct object of the verb.

In this sentence, the thing being recorded is:

野鳥の観察

So:

• 野鳥の観察 = the observation(s) of wild birds
• 野鳥の観察を = wild bird observations + object marker
• 記録する = record

So the structure is:

[野鳥の観察] を 記録する = record [observations of wild birds]

Not by itself in this sentence.

観察 is a verbal noun. That means it can work:

• as a noun: observation
• as a verb with する: 観察する = to observe

In this sentence, 観察 is being used as a noun, because the main verb is 記録する.

So this sentence is not:

• observe wild birds

It is:

• record wild bird observation(s)

Compare:

• 野鳥を観察する。 = observe wild birds
• 野鳥の観察を記録する。 = record observations of wild birds

Japanese often leaves out the subject when it is obvious from context.

So this could mean:

• I record observations of wild birds
• We record observations of wild birds
• Record observations of wild birds
• To record observations of wild birds

Which one is intended depends on context.

This kind of plain-form sentence is especially common in:

• notes
• instructions
• titles
• descriptions of habits or actions

It is in the plain non-past form.

That form can mean several things depending on context:

• present/habitual: I record
• future: I will record
• dictionary form: to record
• instruction-like style: record

So 記録する does not always map neatly to one English tense.

In isolation, this sentence could sound like:

• a dictionary-style statement
• a task description
• a heading
• a note about what someone does

Yes, it is natural, especially in a formal, instructional, or descriptive context.

It sounds a little like:

• a task item
• a manual instruction
• a research/logging activity
• a written description

For everyday conversation, people might also say things like:

• 野鳥を観察して記録する。 = observe wild birds and record it / record your observations after observing wild birds
• 野鳥観察を記録する。 = record birdwatching / keep a record of birdwatching

Your sentence is perfectly fine, but it has a slightly written or formal feel.

Both can be natural, but they feel slightly different.

• 野鳥の観察 = observation of wild birds
  This is a more transparent A の B phrase.
• 野鳥観察 = wild-bird observation / birdwatching
  This is a compound noun and feels more like a set term.

In many cases, they are very close in meaning.

Using の can feel a bit more explanatory or compositional, while the compound 野鳥観察 can feel more like an established activity name.

Yes, that is a good question, because Japanese can sometimes be broad here.

観察を記録する can suggest:

• keeping a record of one’s observations
• recording the results/details of observation
• logging birdwatching activity

In practice, people usually understand it as: record what you observed

If you wanted to be extra specific, you could say:

• 観察結果を記録する = record the observation results
• 観察内容を記録する = record the contents/details of the observation

So your sentence is natural, but slightly broad.

Because the sentence is built around 記録する, not around 観察する.

Compare the two patterns:

1. 野鳥を観察する

   • 野鳥 is the direct object of 観察する
   • meaning: observe wild birds

2. 野鳥の観察を記録する

   • 野鳥の観察 is a noun phrase
   • that whole noun phrase becomes the object of 記録する
   • meaning: record observations of wild birds

So in your sentence, 観察 is not acting as the main verb. It is part of a noun phrase.

記録する is more like:

• record
• document
• log
• keep a record of

It sounds more systematic, objective, or formal than 書く.

Compare:

• 書く = write
• メモする = make a note
• 記録する = record / log / document

So if someone is keeping observation data, field notes, or a birdwatching log, 記録する is a very good word.

Here is a helpful breakdown:

• 野 = field, wild

• 鳥 = bird
  → 野鳥 = wild bird

• 観 = view, observe

• 察 = inspect, infer
  → 観察 = observation

• 記 = write down, record
• 録 = record, register
  → 記録 = record, documentation

This kind of kanji breakdown can help you remember the vocabulary, even though you should learn the whole words as units:

• 野鳥
• 観察
• 記録する

Normally, Japanese does not use spaces between words.

So the standard written form is:

野鳥の観察を記録する。

Spaces are often added only in learning materials to make word boundaries easier to see.

A native Japanese text would usually not write:

• 野鳥　の　観察　を　記録する。

That spacing is for learners, not normal orthography.