kono mondai ha anzen ni kakawarimasu.

は marks the topic of the sentence.

So in この問題は安全に関わります, この問題は means as for this issue/problem...

It does not mean this problem is the grammatical subject in exactly the same way English uses subjects. Instead, it sets up what the sentence is about, and then the rest of the sentence says something about it.

A rough breakdown is:

• この問題は = as for this issue
• 安全に関わります = relates to safety / affects safety

Because この is a demonstrative determiner, meaning this, and it directly modifies a noun.

So:

• この問題 = this issue/problem
• この本 = this book
• この人 = this person

You only use の between nouns, not after この.

For example:

• 日本の問題 = Japan’s problem / a problem of Japan
• この問題 = this problem

問題 can mean several things depending on context, including:

• problem
• issue
• question (for example, on a test)

In this sentence, it most naturally means issue or problem, not a test question.

So この問題 here is more like:

• this issue
• this matter
• this problem

Good question. 安全 is a noun and also a na-adjective, and with 関わる, it commonly appears in the pattern:

• N に 関わる = to relate to / concern / affect N

So here:

• 安全に関わる = to relate to safety / to affect safety

The に is not making 安全 into an adverb like safely.
It is marking the thing that something is connected with.

Compare:

• 安全です = it is safe
• 安全に関わる = to relate to safety

So in this sentence, 安全に means to safety / with safety, not safely.

The dictionary form is 関わる, read かかわる.

So:

• dictionary form: 関わる
• polite non-past form: 関わります

This verb can mean things like:

• to relate to
• to concern
• to have to do with
• to affect
• to be involved with

In this sentence, 関わります is the polite present/future form.

Because 関わる does not usually take a direct object with を in this meaning.

Instead, the usual pattern is:

• A は B に関わる

meaning:

• A relates to B
• A concerns B
• A affects B

So here:

• この問題は = this issue
• 安全に関わります = relates to safety

The thing being related to is marked by に, not を.

It often has a slightly stronger or more serious nuance than a simple neutral is related to.

Depending on context, 関わる can suggest:

• being closely connected
• affecting something important
• involving something significant

So 安全に関わる often sounds more serious than a plain factual connection. It can imply something like:

• it concerns safety
• it has implications for safety
• it affects safety

That is why this phrase is common in warnings, rules, engineering, medicine, and workplace communication.

Both can mean to be related to, but there is a nuance difference.

• 関係する is often more neutral and factual: to be related to
• 関わる often feels more direct, involved, or consequential: to concern / to affect / to have a bearing on

For example:

• この件は法律に関係しています。
  = This matter is related to the law.

• この件は人命に関わります。
  = This matter concerns human life. / This matter affects human lives.

So in your sentence, 関わります is a good choice because safety is something important, and the sentence sounds serious and natural.

Yes, it is polite because it uses 関わります.

The plain form is:

• この問題は安全に関わる。

That plain form might be used in:

• writing
• reports
• explanations
• casual speech, depending on context

The polite form:

• この問題は安全に関わります。

would be used in:

• formal speech
• workplace communication
• classroom explanations
• speaking politely to someone

No. Japanese is normally written without spaces.

So the standard way to write this sentence is:

この問題は安全に関わります。

The spaces in learning materials are often added just to make the sentence easier to read for beginners.