Breakdown of mise ha mou simatte iru to omoimasu.
Questions & Answers about mise ha mou simatte iru to omoimasu.
Why is は used after 店? Why not が?
店は sets the store as the topic: as for the store...
So 店はもう閉まっていると思います means something like:
- As for the store, I think it’s already closed.
If you used が instead, it would sound more like you are identifying or emphasizing the store as the thing that is closed. In many everyday situations, は is the more neutral choice when the store is already the thing being talked about.
So:
- 店は... = speaking about the store as a topic
- 店が... = focusing more directly on the store as the subject
Both can be possible depending on context, but は is very common here.
What does もう mean in this sentence?
もう means already here.
So 店はもう閉まっている means:
- The store is already closed
Be careful, because もう can also mean more in other contexts, but in this sentence it clearly means already.
Why is it 閉まっている instead of just 閉まる?
閉まる is the dictionary form and means to close or to become closed.
But 閉まっている is the ている form, and with this kind of verb it often describes the resulting state.
So:
- 閉まる = to close / to become closed
- 閉まっている = is closed
In English, learners often expect ている to always mean is -ing, but that is not always true. Here it does not usually mean is closing. It usually means is in the state of having closed, or simply is closed.
So does 閉まっている mean is closing or is closed?
In this sentence, it usually means is closed.
That is because 閉まる is an intransitive verb that describes a change of state. With many verbs like this, ている describes the state after the change has happened.
Compare the idea:
- door opens → open
- store closes → closed
So 店はもう閉まっている is normally understood as:
- The store is already closed
not
- The store is already in the process of closing
What is the difference between 閉まる and 閉める?
This is a very common question.
閉まる = to close / to become closed
- intransitive
- the thing closes by itself, or you focus on its state
閉める = to close something
- transitive
- someone closes it
Examples:
- 店が閉まる = The store closes
- 店を閉める = Someone closes the store
In your sentence, the focus is on the store’s condition, so 閉まっている is used.
Why is there a と before 思います?
The と marks the content of what someone thinks.
So X と思います means:
- I think that X
Here, the part before と is the thought:
- 店はもう閉まっている = the store is already closed
Then:
- 店はもう閉まっていると思います = I think the store is already closed
You can think of と here as linking the statement to 思います.
Why isn’t there a です after 閉まっている?
Because before と思います, Japanese normally uses the plain form, not です / ます form.
So:
- 店はもう閉まっている = plain-style clause
- 店はもう閉まっていると思います = I think the store is already closed
You would not usually say:
- 店はもう閉まっていますと思います ✘
That sounds unnatural.
This is a very important grammar pattern:
- plain clause + と思います
Examples:
- 雨が降ると思います = I think it will rain
- 彼は来ないと思います = I think he won’t come
Who is doing the thinking? Why isn’t 私は included?
The speaker is the one doing the thinking, so 私は is usually omitted because it is obvious from context.
Japanese often leaves out information that is understood.
So even without 私は, the sentence naturally means:
- I think the store is already closed
If you wanted to add it for emphasis or contrast, you could say:
- 私は店はもう閉まっていると思います
But in normal conversation, leaving it out is more natural.
Is 思います certain, or does it sound uncertain?
思います means I think, so it sounds like an opinion, guess, or judgment rather than a hard fact.
So this sentence is softer than just saying:
- 店はもう閉まっている。 = The store is already closed.
By saying と思います, the speaker sounds less direct and more cautious:
- I think the store is already closed
This is very common in Japanese, where speakers often soften statements.
How would this sound in casual speech?
A casual version would be:
- 店はもう閉まっていると思う。
You may also hear the contraction:
- 店はもう閉まってると思う。
That is very natural in everyday conversation.
So the levels are roughly:
- 店はもう閉まっていると思います。 = polite
- 店はもう閉まっていると思う。 = casual
- 店はもう閉まってると思う。 = casual, conversational
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