kinou, sensei ni atarashii jisho o itadakimashita.

direct object particle

Breakdown of kinou, sensei ni atarashii jisho o itadakimashita.

• 先せん生せい: teacher
• に: indirect object particle

Questions & Answers about kinou, sensei ni atarashii jisho o itadakimashita.

Why is 先生 marked with に?

Because に marks the source of receiving here.

In this sentence, the speaker is receiving something, so:

• 先生に = from the teacher
• 新しい辞書を = a new dictionary (the thing received)

With verbs like もらう and いただく, the giver is often marked by に.

So:

• 先生にいただきました = received from the teacher

You can think of に here as showing who it came from.

Why is 辞書 marked with を?

Because を marks the direct object of the verb: the thing that was received.

In this sentence:

• 先生に = from the teacher
• 新しい辞書を = the new dictionary
• いただきました = received

So を answers the question What did you receive?
Answer: 新しい辞書.

Why does the sentence use いただきました instead of もらいました?