Learn Hardcore Japanese: watasi ha mainiti nihongo no kaiwa no kunren wo simasu. - I do Japanese conversation training every day.

は marks the topic: “As for me, …”. In this sentence, 私 is what we are talking about in general: “As for me, I do Japanese conversation training every day.”

私
- は → “as for me / I (speaking about myself)”
が would mark 私 as the grammatical subject in a more neutral or contrasting way.

You could say 私が毎日日本語の会話の訓練をします, but it would sound like you are emphasizing I (as opposed to someone else) do the training: “I’m the one who does it every day.” The given sentence with は is the normal, neutral way to say this.

Why is 毎日 placed after 私は? Can it go somewhere else in the sentence?

毎日 (every day) is an adverbial time expression. In Japanese it’s quite flexible:

All of these are natural and mean basically the same thing:

私は毎日日本語の会話の訓練をします。
毎日私は日本語の会話の訓練をします。 (slight emphasis on “every day”)
日本語の会話の訓練を毎日します。 (slight emphasis on the action being daily)

The current position, right after 私は, is very standard and neutral.

What is the role of の in 日本語の会話の訓練? Why are there two の’s?

の here links nouns to form a chain of modifiers, like “X of Y” or “X-related Y”.

日本語の会話 → “conversation in Japanese / Japanese conversation”
(日本語 modifies 会話)
会話の訓練 → “training of conversation / conversation training”
(会話 modifies 訓練)

Putting them together:

日本語の会話の訓練
= “training of conversation of Japanese”
≈ “training in Japanese conversation”

English would usually compress this to something like “Japanese conversation practice”, but Japanese keeps each noun linked by の.

What is the literal structure of the sentence compared with English word order?

The Japanese sentence:

私は / 毎日 / 日本語の会話の訓練を / します。

Literal roles:

私 – I
は – topic marker (“as for…”)
毎日 – every day
日本語の会話の訓練 – Japanese conversation training
を – marks the direct object
します – do

Very literally:
As for me, every day, Japanese conversation training (object) do.

Japanese is basically Subject–Object–Verb (SOV), whereas English is Subject–Verb–Object (SVO).

Why do we say 訓練をします instead of just using a verb like “train”?

In Japanese, it’s very common to turn a noun into an action by adding する (“to do”):

勉強する – to study (勉強 = study)
運動する – to exercise (運動 = exercise)
訓練する – to train (訓練 = training)

With 訓練, you have two common patterns:

訓練する (verb)
訓練をする (noun + object marker + する)

So:

日本語の会話の訓練をします。
日本語の会話の訓練します。 (often spoken, without を)
日本語の会話を訓練します。 (slightly different nuance/focus)

All are grammatically possible. The Noun + を + します pattern is very standard and polite.

Could we say 訓練します instead of 訓練をします? Is there any difference?

Yes, you can say:

毎日日本語の会話の訓練をします。
毎日日本語の会話の訓練します。

In everyday speech, many people drop the を after a long noun phrase; it still sounds natural.

Nuance:

With を: a bit clearer grammatically; slightly more formal/ textbook-like.
Without を: feels a bit more casual and conversational.

Both are fine in normal conversation.

What’s the difference between 訓練 and 練習? Could we say 練習 here?

Yes, you can say 練習 instead, and in many contexts it may sound more natural:

毎日日本語の会話の練習をします。

Nuance:

練習 – “practice” (skill improvement, rehearsal; neutral/soft word)
訓練 – “training” (often more systematic, intensive, or formal; also used for military, professional, or discipline-type training)

For language learning, 会話の練習 (“conversation practice”) is more common in everyday speech and textbooks. 会話の訓練 can sound a bit more serious or rigorous, like structured training.

Why 日本語の会話 instead of 日本語で会話? What’s the difference?

Both are possible, but the grammar is different:

日本語の会話
- 日本語 (Japanese) modifies 会話 (conversation) as a noun.
- Literally: “Japanese conversation” (a type of conversation).
日本語で会話
- で marks the medium or means: “by/with/in Japanese”.
- Literally: “conversation in Japanese”.

Your sentence:

日本語の会話の訓練をします。
= “I do training of Japanese conversation.”

A very natural alternative:

毎日日本語で会話の練習をします。
= “Every day, I practice conversation in Japanese.”

Both express nearly the same idea; they just structure it differently.

Why is を attached to 訓練 and not to 会話 in 日本語の会話の訓練をします?

を marks the direct object of the verb. The main thing you are “doing” is 訓練 (“training”), not “conversation” directly.

Object: 日本語の会話の訓練 (Japanese conversation training)
を attaches to the end of that whole noun phrase: 訓練を

You could make 会話 the object instead:

毎日日本語の会話を訓練します。

Then the structure is more like “I train (my) Japanese conversation.” The emphasis shifts slightly from “doing training (which is about Japanese conversation)” to directly training the conversation ability. Both are understandable, but Xの訓練をする is a very standard pattern.

Why is the verb します in the present tense? Does it mean I’m doing it right now?

Japanese non-past tense (します) covers both “present” and “future” in English, and it’s also used for habits.

Here, 毎日 (“every day”) shows it’s a habitual action:

毎日日本語の会話の訓練をします。
→ “I do Japanese conversation training every day.” / “I train every day.”

If you wanted to emphasize “I am doing it right now,” you’d typically use the progressive:

今、日本語の会話の訓練をしています。
→ “I am (currently) doing Japanese conversation training.”

Why use the polite form します instead of する? When would you change it?

します is the polite form of する, used in:

most conversations with people you’re not very close to
formal or semi-formal situations
textbooks and classroom language

The plain/casual form is する:

毎日日本語の会話の訓練をする。

You’d use する with close friends, family (depending on the relationship), or in personal notes. The choice is about politeness level, not meaning.

Can I omit 私 and just say 毎日日本語の会話の訓練をします?

Yes, and that’s actually very natural.

Japanese often omits the subject when it’s obvious from context. If you are talking about your own study habits, just saying:

毎日日本語の会話の訓練をします。

would usually be understood as “I do Japanese conversation training every day” without needing 私. You mainly include 私:

when introducing yourself for the first time in a context
when you want to contrast with others (私は, “as for me…”)

Is there a more common or natural way to say this sentence in everyday conversation?

Your sentence is correct, but some slightly more common phrasing for everyday study talk would be:

毎日日本語の会話の練習をします。
毎日日本語で会話の練習をします。
毎日日本語で会話の練習をしてます。 (spoken, casual-polite contraction of しています)

Using 練習 instead of 訓練, and optionally 日本語で instead of 日本語の, sounds a bit more “everyday learner” and less formal/technical.