yama de wa sora ga akarukute mo, hoshi ga mierukoto ga arimasu.

topic particle

Breakdown of yama de wa sora ga akarukute mo, hoshi ga mierukoto ga arimasu.

• が: subject particle
• で: location particle
• 山やま: mountain

Questions & Answers about yama de wa sora ga akarukute mo, hoshi ga mierukoto ga arimasu.

What’s the function of で and は in 山では?

• で marks the location or setting (“at/in the mountains”).
• は then turns that locational phrase into the topic and often adds a contrastive nuance (“as for in the mountains…”), implying “as opposed to other places.”

What does the ても form in 明るくても indicate, and how is it formed for different word types?

• 〜ても means “even if…” or “even though…,” introducing a concessive condition.
• Formation:
  • i-adjectives: drop い, add くて
  • も → 明るい → 明るくて → 明るくても
    • na-adjectives: add で
    • も → 静か → 静かで → 静かでも
      • verbs: take the te-form + も → 見る → 見て → 見ても
      • nouns: add で
      • も → 学生 → 学生で → 学生でも

Why is ことがある used after 見える, and what does this pattern mean?