Il cane corre sulla sponda del fiume.

The dog runs on the riverbank.

Breakdown of Il cane corre sulla sponda del fiume.

• il cane: the dog
• correre: to run
• su: on
• di: of
• il fiume: the river
• la sponda: the bank

Questions & Answers about Il cane corre sulla sponda del fiume.

Why is the subject preceded by il in il cane and not lo cane?

In Italian, the definite article for masculine singular nouns starting with a simple consonant (like c in cane) is il.

• lo is used only before certain consonant clusters (z, s + consonant, gn, ps, x, y, etc.), for example lo zaino, lo studente.
  Since cane begins with a single consonant + vowel, the correct form is il cane.

What does sulla mean, and why don’t we write su la?

Sulla is the contraction of the preposition su (“on”) plus the feminine singular definite article la. In Italian, some prepositions automatically combine with articles:

• su + il = sul
• su + la = sulla
• su + l’ = sull’
• su + lo = sullo
• su + i = sui
• su + gli = sugli
• su + le = sulle

Why is there del fiume instead of di fiume?

When the preposition di (“of”/“from”) meets the masculine singular article il, they fuse into del. So:

• di + il fiume → del fiume
  You cannot say di il fiume in standard Italian.

How do we know corre is the third-person singular form of correre?

Italian verbs change their endings depending on person and number. For correre (to run) in the present tense:

• io corro
• tu corri
• lui/lei corre
• noi corriamo
• voi correte
• loro corrono
  Since il cane is “he/it,” we use corre.

Why is the phrase sulla sponda del fiume placed after the verb rather than before it?

In Italian, adverbial expressions of place usually follow the verb:

• Il cane corre sulla sponda del fiume.
  You can front it for emphasis—Sulla sponda del fiume corre il cane—but the neutral, default order is subject–verb–place.

What’s the difference between sponda and riva?

Both mean “bank” or “shore,” but:

• sponda often implies the sloping side or embankment of a river.
• riva is more general and can refer to the edge of any body of water (lake, sea, river).
  In many contexts they’re interchangeable, but sponda has a slightly more technical or geomorphological feel.

Could we omit the article before fiume and say simply sponda di fiume?

Generally no—Italian normally uses the definite article with common nouns. Omitting it sounds odd unless in very poetic or headline-style contexts.
Correct everyday phrasing: sulla sponda del fiume.
Poetic example: “Sponda di fiume” may appear in poetry or titles, but it isn’t standard in prose.