Io leggo il documento sul tavolo.

I read the document on the table.

Breakdown of Io leggo il documento sul tavolo.

• io: I
• su: on
• il tavolo: the table
• leggere: to read
• il documento: the document

Questions & Answers about Io leggo il documento sul tavolo.

Why is the subject pronoun io explicitly used even though the verb ending already indicates the subject?

In Italian, subject pronouns are often omitted because the verb conjugation makes the subject clear. However, io can be included for emphasis, clarity, or contrast. By saying io leggo, the speaker might be stressing that I (and not someone else) am reading the document.

What is the form and tense of leggo, and what does it tell us about the action?

Leggo is the first person singular present indicative form of the verb leggere (to read). This form tells us that the action of reading is occurring in the present and that the subject performing the action is I.

How is the phrase sul tavolo constructed, and what does it translate to in English?

The phrase sul tavolo is a contraction of su (on) and il tavolo (the table). In Italian, su + il contracts to sul. Therefore, sul tavolo translates to “on the table.”

Why is the definite article il used before documento in this sentence?

In Italian, as in English, definite articles are used to refer to specific items. The use of il before documento specifies that the speaker is talking about a particular document. Unlike in English, Italian typically requires an article with singular nouns unless used in certain abstract contexts.

Is the word order in Io leggo il documento sul tavolo similar to English, and can it be rearranged without changing the basic meaning?

Yes, the word order here follows the common subject–verb–object (SVO) structure, much like English. While Italian allows some flexibility in word order for emphasis or stylistic reasons, placing the prepositional phrase sul tavolo after the object is the most natural way to express that the document is on the table without altering the sentence’s overall meaning.