Petunjuk itu sangat jelas.

In Indonesian, demonstratives like ini and itu usually come after the noun.

So:

• petunjuk itu = that instruction / those instructions
• buku ini = this book

This is the normal Indonesian pattern, unlike English, where this and that come before the noun.

It most literally means that, but in real usage it can sometimes feel closer to the, especially when the speaker and listener both already know which thing is being talked about.

So petunjuk itu could mean:

• that instruction
• those instructions
• sometimes something close to the instruction(s)

The exact nuance depends on context.

Indonesian often does not use a word equivalent to is/am/are in simple present-tense sentences.

So:

• Petunjuk itu sangat jelas. literally follows the pattern Instruction that very clear

But in natural English, that becomes That instruction is very clear or Those instructions are very clear.

This is completely normal in Indonesian. Adjectives can directly function as the predicate without a separate verb to be.

Sangat means very. It intensifies an adjective or sometimes another descriptive word.

So:

• jelas = clear
• sangat jelas = very clear

In this sentence, sangat modifies jelas.

In Indonesian, sangat usually comes before the adjective it modifies.

Examples:

• sangat jelas = very clear
• sangat besar = very big
• sangat penting = very important

So the order is:

• sangat + adjective

Yes. Both are natural.

• sangat jelas = very clear
• jelas sekali = very clear / extremely clear

A useful pattern is:

• sangat comes before the adjective
• sekali usually comes after the adjective

So both of these work:

• Petunjuk itu sangat jelas.
• Petunjuk itu jelas sekali.

They are very similar, though sekali can sometimes sound a little more emphatic.

By itself, petunjuk does not show singular or plural. Indonesian nouns usually do not change form for number the way English nouns do.

So petunjuk itu could mean:

• that instruction
• those instructions

Context decides which is intended.

If you want to make plural very explicit, Indonesian can use reduplication:

• petunjuk-petunjuk = instructions / clues

But in everyday speech, this is often unnecessary if the context is already clear.

Here, jelas is an adjective meaning clear.

In this sentence it works as the predicate:

• Petunjuk itu = the subject
• sangat jelas = the description of the subject

So the structure is basically:

• Subject + descriptive predicate

This is a very common Indonesian sentence pattern.

Yes, very normal.

The structure is:

• Petunjuk itu = subject
• sangat jelas = predicate

So the full pattern is:

• Subject + adjective phrase

This is one of the most basic and common sentence patterns in Indonesian.

A simple English-friendly approximation is juh-LAS, with the stress naturally falling near the end.

A few helpful notes:

• j in Indonesian sounds like the j in jam
• e in jelas is a schwa-like sound, similar to the a in about
• a is usually pronounced clearly, like a in father
• the final s is pronounced clearly

So jelas sounds roughly like juh-lahs.

Yes. Depending on context, petunjuk can mean:

• instruction
• directions
• guidance
• clue

So without context, Petunjuk itu sangat jelas could mean things like:

• That instruction is very clear
• Those directions are very clear
• That clue is very clear

Indonesian words often cover a wider range of meanings than a single English word.

Yes. That would mean This instruction is very clear or These instructions are very clear.

The difference is:

• ini = this / these
• itu = that / those

And both come after the noun:

• petunjuk ini
• petunjuk itu