Kawat gigi membuat gigi taring saya ngilu.

Because the two instances of gigi belong to two different noun phrases:

• kawat gigi = braces
• gigi taring saya = my canine tooth / my fang tooth

So this is not repetition for no reason. It is:

• kawat gigi: a fixed expression meaning braces
• gigi taring: a tooth type, literally fang tooth, meaning canine tooth

A very literal breakdown would be something like:

• kawat gigi = tooth wire
• membuat = makes / causes
• gigi taring saya = my canine tooth
• ngilu = ache / feel painfully sensitive

Yes. Kawat gigi is the normal Indonesian term for braces.

Literally:

• kawat = wire
• gigi = tooth / teeth

But together, kawat gigi means the dental device, not just any random wire for teeth. It is a standard expression.

In everyday speech, some people also say behel, which is a common informal word for braces.

Gigi taring means canine tooth.

• gigi = tooth
• taring = fang / tusk / canine-like tooth

Using gigi taring is clearer and more neutral when talking about human teeth.
If you say just taring, it can sound more like fangs, and it is often associated with animals or something dramatic.

So for normal dental talk, gigi taring is the safer and more natural phrase.

Because Indonesian possessives usually come after the noun.

So:

• gigi taring saya = my canine tooth
• literally: canine tooth my

This is the normal Indonesian pattern:

• buku saya = my book
• rumah saya = my house
• dokter saya = my doctor

So gigi taring saya is exactly what you would expect.

Membuat here means to make or to cause.

The pattern is:

X membuat Y + adjective/state

So in this sentence:

• Kawat gigi = the thing causing something
• membuat = causes
• gigi taring saya = the thing affected
• ngilu = the resulting state

So the structure is basically:

The braces cause my canine tooth to feel ngilu.

This use of membuat is very common in Indonesian:

• Cuaca panas membuat saya lelah. = Hot weather makes me tired.
• Obat itu membuat saya mengantuk. = That medicine makes me sleepy.

Not exactly.

Ngilu usually refers to a specific kind of pain: a sharp, sensitive, aching feeling, especially in:

• teeth
• bones
• joints
• gums

For teeth, ngilu often suggests sensitivity or a kind of unpleasant ache, not just general pain.

By contrast, sakit is much broader and can mean painful, sick, or hurting in a general sense.

So:

• gigi saya sakit = my tooth hurts
• gigi saya ngilu = my tooth feels painfully sensitive / achy

In this sentence, ngilu is a very natural choice because braces often cause that kind of dental discomfort.

It is functioning more like a state word or adjective-like predicate.

Indonesian often uses words like this directly after the subject or object without needing a verb like to be.

So:

• Gigi saya ngilu = My tooth is aching / sensitive

And in your sentence:

• membuat gigi taring saya ngilu = causes my canine tooth to feel aching/sensitive

English needs extra wording, but Indonesian does not.

Yes. That would mean My braces make my canine tooth ache / feel sensitive.

The original sentence Kawat gigi membuat gigi taring saya ngilu can already be understood as Braces make my canine tooth ache or The braces are making my canine tooth ache, depending on context.

Adding saya after kawat gigi makes the ownership explicit:

• kawat gigi saya = my braces

So both are possible, depending on whether you want to specify whose braces.

It is natural and understandable. It sounds fairly standard.

A more conversational version might be:

• Gigi taring saya ngilu karena kawat gigi.
• Gigi taringku ngilu gara-gara behel.

Differences:

• karena = because of
• gara-gara = because of, but more casual
• behel = informal everyday word for braces
• -ku = my, informal attached possessive

So your original sentence is good, especially for standard Indonesian.

Because Indonesian usually does not use articles like English the and a/an.

So nouns often appear without any article:

• kawat gigi = braces / the braces
• gigi taring saya = my canine tooth

The exact meaning depends on context.

This is very normal in Indonesian. Learners often want to insert an article, but Indonesian simply does not require one here.

Yes. Gigi can mean either tooth or teeth, depending on context.

Indonesian nouns usually do not change form for singular vs. plural the way English nouns do.

So:

• gigi saya can mean my tooth or my teeth
• context tells you which one is meant

In your sentence, gigi taring saya is understood as a specific tooth, so English usually translates it as my canine tooth.

Yes, depending on the nuance.

Some alternatives:

• menyebabkan = causes
  More formal than membuat
• bikin = makes
  Informal spoken Indonesian
• menjadikan = makes / turns into
  Usually less natural for this kind of physical sensation

Examples:

• Kawat gigi menyebabkan gigi taring saya ngilu.
  More formal
• Kawat gigi bikin gigi taring saya ngilu.
  More casual

For everyday standard Indonesian, membuat is a very good choice.