Kartu identitas itu harus difotokopi sebelum diserahkan kepada petugas.

Because both are in the passive voice.

In Indonesian, di- + verb often means is/are [verb]-ed.

• difotokopi = photocopied
• diserahkan = submitted / handed over

So the sentence is structured around the thing being acted on, kartu identitas itu.

A very literal breakdown is:

• Kartu identitas itu = that ID card
• harus difotokopi = must be photocopied
• sebelum diserahkan kepada petugas = before being submitted to the officer

This kind of passive structure is very common in formal Indonesian instructions.

Itu usually means that.

In kartu identitas itu, it points to a specific ID card already known in the context:

• kartu identitas = identity card / ID card
• kartu identitas itu = that ID card or the ID card depending on context

In Indonesian, itu can sometimes feel like English that, but in many contexts it also helps mark something as specific, almost like the.

Harus means must or have to.

It expresses obligation:

• harus difotokopi = must be photocopied / has to be photocopied

In this sentence, it sounds like an official requirement or procedure.

Yes, it is normal.

Fotokopi comes from photocopy, and Indonesian often turns borrowed words into verbs using standard Indonesian affixes.

So:

• fotokopi = photocopy / a photocopy
• memfotokopi = to photocopy
• difotokopi = to be photocopied

This is very common in modern Indonesian.

Because the sentence focuses on the ID card, not on the person doing the action.

Compare:

• Petugas memfotokopi kartu identitas itu.
  = The officer photocopies the ID card.
  Here, the actor is the focus, so mem- is used.

• Kartu identitas itu harus difotokopi.
  = The ID card must be photocopied.
  Here, the thing affected by the action is the focus, so di- is used.

Indonesian uses passive quite naturally, especially in formal instructions, notices, and procedures.

Correct—the agent is not stated.

That is normal in Indonesian, especially in formal or instructional language. The sentence only tells you what must happen to the ID card:

• it must be photocopied
• then it is submitted to the officer

The person doing those actions is understood from the situation, for example the applicant, visitor, or customer.

English often also leaves this vague in formal instructions:

• The ID card must be photocopied before being submitted to the officer.

It means before it is submitted/handed over to the officer.

Breakdown:

• sebelum = before
• diserahkan = is submitted / is handed over
• kepada petugas = to the officer / to the official

So the sequence is:

1. photocopy the ID card
2. then hand it to the officer

Because petugas is the recipient, not the doer.

• diserahkan kepada petugas = submitted/handed over to the officer
• diserahkan petugas would mean submitted by the officer, which changes the meaning

This is an important passive pattern in Indonesian:

• diserahkan kepada X = handed over to X
• diserahkan oleh X = handed over by X

So here:

• kepada petugas = to the officer
• not oleh petugas = by the officer

Kepada is usually used for a person or institution as recipient, while ke is more often used for a place or direction.

So:

• diserahkan kepada petugas = handed to the officer
  This is correct and natural.

Using ke petugas would sound less standard here, because the officer is treated as the recipient of the submission, not just a destination.

A simple way to remember it:

• kepada = to someone
• ke = to a place

Yes.

Petugas is a broad word. Depending on context, it can mean:

• officer
• official
• staff member
• attendant
• clerk

It refers to a person carrying out an assigned duty or official task.

So in this sentence, the best English translation depends on the situation:

• at a government office: official or officer
• at a service counter: staff member or clerk

Yes, it is a normal and clear expression.

• kartu = card
• identitas = identity

So kartu identitas literally means identity card.

In Indonesia, you may also see more specific terms, such as:

• KTP = Indonesian national identity card
• kartu pengenal = identification card / badge

But kartu identitas is perfectly understandable.

Because Indonesian often omits repeated information when it is already clear.

In sebelum diserahkan kepada petugas, the subject is understood to be kartu identitas itu.

So the full idea is:

• Kartu identitas itu harus difotokopi sebelum kartu identitas itu diserahkan kepada petugas.

But repeating it would sound unnecessarily heavy. Indonesian often prefers the shorter version.

Yes, it sounds fairly formal and very natural for official instructions.

Features that make it formal include:

• passive voice: difotokopi, diserahkan
• official vocabulary: petugas
• procedural structure: harus ... sebelum ...

This is the kind of sentence you might see on:

• application instructions
• office notices
• administrative forms
• government or school procedures

Yes. An active version could be:

Anda harus memfotokopi kartu identitas itu sebelum menyerahkannya kepada petugas.

This means: You must photocopy that ID card before submitting it to the officer.

Differences:

• Passive version: more formal, impersonal, instruction-focused
• Active version: directly addresses the person who must do it

Both are grammatical, but the passive version is especially common in formal written Indonesian.