Ketika saya terburu-buru, saya tidak sengaja menjatuhkan gelas di dapur.

Indonesian often repeats the subject in both the time clause and the main clause when the subject is the same.

• Ketika saya terburu-buru = When I was in a hurry
• saya tidak sengaja menjatuhkan gelas di dapur = I accidentally dropped a glass in the kitchen

This repetition is completely normal and natural in Indonesian.
English often avoids repeating I, but Indonesian commonly keeps it for clarity.

You might sometimes hear the second saya omitted in casual speech if the meaning is obvious, but the full version is standard and clear.

Ketika means when in the sense of introducing a time clause.

So:

• Ketika saya terburu-buru = When I was in a hurry

Common alternatives include:

• saat = when
• waktu = when / at the time
• pas = when, but more informal

Examples:

• Ketika saya makan... = When I was eating...
• Saat saya makan... = same meaning
• Pas saya makan... = more casual

In your sentence, ketika sounds natural and neutral.

Terburu-buru means in a hurry, rushed, or hurried.

It describes someone doing something too quickly, often with stress or pressure.

Examples:

• Saya sedang terburu-buru. = I’m in a hurry.
• Jangan terburu-buru. = Don’t rush.

The base idea is related to buru-buru, which also means hurry or rush.
The form terburu-buru is very common when describing a person’s state.

So Ketika saya terburu-buru means:

• When I was in a hurry
• When I was rushing

In Indonesian, tidak sengaja literally means not intentional or not on purpose.

• tidak = not
• sengaja = intentional / deliberately

So:

• saya tidak sengaja menjatuhkan gelas = I accidentally dropped a glass
• literally: I unintentionally caused a glass to fall

This is one of the most common ways to express accidentally in Indonesian.

Compare:

• Saya tidak sengaja menyenggol dia. = I accidentally bumped into him/her.
• Maaf, tidak sengaja. = Sorry, it was an accident / I didn’t mean to.

This is a very important grammar point.

• jatuh = to fall
• menjatuhkan = to drop something / to cause something to fall

So:

• Gelas jatuh. = The glass fell.
• Saya menjatuhkan gelas. = I dropped the glass.

The verb menjatuhkan is built from jatuh with the affixes meN- and -kan, which often create a causative meaning: to make/cause something to ...

Here, menjatuhkan means:

• to cause to fall
• therefore, to drop

So the sentence uses menjatuhkan because the subject saya is the one causing the glass to fall.

Yes. Gelas usually refers to a drinking glass, but in everyday Indonesian it can sometimes be used more broadly for a drinking vessel, depending on context.

Most often:

• gelas = drinking glass
• cangkir = cup (especially a teacup or coffee cup)

So in this sentence, gelas most naturally means a glass.

Examples:

• segelas air = a glass of water
• cangkir kopi = a cup of coffee

If the object were clearly a mug or cup, Indonesian might use cangkir instead.

Di dapur means in the kitchen.

• di = in / at / on
• dapur = kitchen

Here di is a preposition showing location.

So:

• di dapur = in the kitchen
• di meja = on the table
• di rumah = at home

A useful comparison:

• di = location
• ke = movement toward
• dari = from

Examples:

• Saya di dapur. = I am in the kitchen.
• Saya ke dapur. = I am going to the kitchen.
• Saya dari dapur. = I am from / coming from the kitchen.

In your sentence, the action happened there, so di dapur is correct.

Yes, somewhat. Indonesian word order is fairly flexible, especially with time expressions and place phrases.

The original sentence:

• Ketika saya terburu-buru, saya tidak sengaja menjatuhkan gelas di dapur.

You could also say:

• Saya tidak sengaja menjatuhkan gelas di dapur ketika saya terburu-buru.

Both are grammatical. The difference is mainly emphasis:

• Starting with ketika saya terburu-buru highlights the situation first.
• Putting it later makes it feel more like extra background information.

The original version is very natural because it sets up the context before the main event.

No. Indonesian does not use articles like English a, an, or the.

So gelas can mean:

• a glass
• the glass
• glass in a general sense

The exact meaning depends on context.

In your sentence, English naturally translates it as a glass unless the context already identifies a specific one.

If Indonesian speakers want to be more specific, they may use other words, for example:

• sebuah gelas = a glass / one glass
• gelas itu = that glass / the glass
• satu gelas = one glass

But in normal speech, just gelas is very common.

Indonesian usually does not use a verb like to be in the same way English does.

So:

• saya terburu-buru literally = I in-a-hurry
• natural English = I am in a hurry / I was in a hurry

The time reference comes from context, not from a special verb form.

In this sentence, because the whole sentence is about a past event, terburu-buru is understood as was in a hurry.

This is very common in Indonesian:

• Saya sakit. = I am sick / I was sick
• Dia marah. = He/She is angry / was angry

Time is usually shown by context or time words, not by changing the verb.

Yes, you often can.

Both are commonly used to mean accidentally:

• tidak sengaja = unintentionally / accidentally
• tanpa sengaja = accidentally / without intending to

Examples:

• Saya tidak sengaja menjatuhkan gelas.
• Saya tanpa sengaja menjatuhkan gelas.

Both are natural.
Tidak sengaja is probably the most common everyday choice, while tanpa sengaja can sound slightly more formal or descriptive in some contexts.

A casual spoken version might be:

• Pas aku buru-buru, aku nggak sengaja ngejatuhin gelas di dapur.

Some changes here are informal:

• ketika → pas
• saya → aku
• tidak → nggak
• menjatuhkan → ngejatuhin

This is common in conversation, but the original sentence is better for standard Indonesian and for learning the formal structure.