Saya bertanya kepada petugas bagasi apakah koper saya sudah diperiksa.

It breaks down like this:

• Saya = I
• bertanya = asked / ask
• kepada petugas bagasi = to the baggage officer / baggage staff
• apakah = whether / if
• koper saya = my suitcase
• sudah diperiksa = has/had already been checked

So the structure is:

I asked [someone] whether [something] had already been checked.

The sentence has:

• a main clause: Saya bertanya kepada petugas bagasi
• an embedded clause: apakah koper saya sudah diperiksa

Kepada marks the person receiving the question, so it means something like to in English.

• bertanya kepada petugas bagasi = to ask the baggage officer

This is standard and natural Indonesian. In less formal speech, people may also say:

• bertanya pada petugas bagasi
• tanya ke petugas bagasi
• tanya sama petugas bagasi (more colloquial)

So kepada sounds a bit more formal or careful than some everyday alternatives.

Petugas means officer, staff member, attendant, personnel.
Bagasi means baggage.

So petugas bagasi means baggage staff, baggage officer, or depending on context, someone working in baggage handling or at the baggage service desk.

It does not necessarily mean a police-style officer. It is a general word for a person on duty.

Here apakah introduces an indirect yes/no question, so it works like whether or if in English.

• Saya bertanya ... apakah koper saya sudah diperiksa = I asked ... whether my suitcase had already been checked

This is different from using apakah at the start of a direct question, where it can function like a formal is/does/did...?

In this sentence, it is not asking the listener directly. It is reporting what was asked.

Not always, but it is very helpful and very standard.

With bertanya, using apakah makes the sentence clear and polished:

• Saya bertanya kepada petugas bagasi apakah koper saya sudah diperiksa.

In everyday Indonesian, people may sometimes rephrase instead of using apakah, for example:

• Saya tanya ke petugas bagasi, koper saya sudah diperiksa belum.

That sounds more conversational. But the version with apakah is very good standard Indonesian.

Because this part is in the passive voice.

• memeriksa = to check / to examine (active)
• diperiksa = to be checked / be examined (passive)

In the sentence, the suitcase is the thing receiving the action:

• koper saya sudah diperiksa = my suitcase has already been checked

If you used memeriksa, you would need to say who did the checking, for example:

• apakah petugas sudah memeriksa koper saya = whether the staff had already checked my suitcase

So:

• diperiksa focuses on the suitcase
• memeriksa focuses on the person doing the checking

The prefix di- is a very common marker of the passive in Indonesian.

• periksa = check / examine
• diperiksa = be checked / be examined

So sudah diperiksa literally means already checked or has already been checked.

This is one of the most important verb patterns in Indonesian.

Sudah means already, and more broadly it marks that an action is completed.

So:

• koper saya sudah diperiksa = my suitcase has already been checked

Without sudah, the sentence would be more neutral:

• apakah koper saya diperiksa = whether my suitcase is/was checked

With sudah, the speaker is specifically asking about completion.

Because Indonesian verbs do not change form for tense the way English verbs do.

• bertanya can mean ask, asked, or sometimes will ask, depending on context.
• Time is usually understood from context or from time words such as kemarin (yesterday), tadi (earlier), besok (tomorrow), and aspect words like sudah.

So in this sentence, English translates bertanya as asked, but the Indonesian verb itself does not change form.

Because the first saya is the subject of the main clause, and the second saya shows possession.

• Saya bertanya ... = I asked ...
• koper saya = my suitcase

They do different jobs, so both are needed.

If you removed the second saya, koper would just mean suitcase, not specifically my suitcase.

Yes. The original sentence is standard and perfectly correct, but in daily speech people often use more casual wording, such as:

• Saya tanya ke petugas bagasi apakah koper saya sudah diperiksa.
• Saya tanya ke petugas bagasi, koper saya sudah diperiksa belum?

Differences:

• tanya is more conversational than bertanya
• ke is common in speech instead of kepada
• ... sudah diperiksa belum? is a very natural spoken pattern for whether it has been checked yet

So the original sounds slightly more formal or textbook-style, but still completely normal.

Yes, often.

• bertanya kepada petugas bagasi
• bertanya pada petugas bagasi

Both are acceptable. In many contexts, pada is a shorter alternative to kepada.

Very roughly:

• kepada can sound a little more formal or explicit
• pada is also standard and common

In speech, many people also move away from both and simply say ke or sama, depending on formality.

Because koper saya is the thing being talked about in the passive clause.

In Indonesian passive structure, it is very common to put the receiver of the action first:

• koper saya sudah diperiksa = my suitcase has already been checked

This is normal Indonesian word order. English also often does something similar in passive sentences:

• My suitcase has already been checked.

So this part is actually quite close to English in meaning, even though the grammar system is different.

Usually koper means suitcase. It is the normal word for a travel suitcase.

It is more specific than:

• tas = bag
• bagasi = baggage/luggage in general

So in this sentence, koper saya clearly means my suitcase, not just my baggage in a general sense.