Cuaca di kota ini mempengaruhi suasana hati saya.

The weather in this city affects my mood.

Breakdown of Cuaca di kota ini mempengaruhi suasana hati saya.

• ini: this
• di: in
• cuaca: the weather
• kota: the city
• saya: my
• suasana hati: the mood
• mempengaruhi: to affect

Questions & Answers about Cuaca di kota ini mempengaruhi suasana hati saya.

Why does "ini" come after "kota" and not before it like in English (this city)?

In Indonesian, demonstratives like ini (this) and itu (that) normally come after the noun, not before it.

• kota ini = this city
• kota itu = that city

So the pattern is:

• noun + ini/itu
  
  • buku ini = this book
  • rumah itu = that house

Putting ini before the noun (e.g. ini kota) is not the normal way to say this city in standard Indonesian and would sound odd in this context.

What is the function of "di" in "di kota ini"?

Here di is a preposition meaning “in/at” indicating location.

• di kota ini = in this city / in the city

So the structure is:

• di + place
  
  • di rumah = at home
  • di sekolah = at school
  • di Indonesia = in Indonesia

Note: di as a preposition is separate from the noun. (This is different from the prefix di- used for passive verbs, which is attached to the verb: dibuat, ditulis, etc.)

Could I move the phrase "di kota ini" to the front or end of the sentence?

Yes, you have some flexibility with word order in Indonesian. All of these are grammatical, with only slight differences in emphasis:

1. Cuaca di kota ini mempengaruhi suasana hati saya.
   – Neutral: “The weather in this city affects my mood.”

2. Di kota ini, cuaca mempengaruhi suasana hati saya.
   – Emphasizes the location (“In this city, the weather affects my mood.”).

3. Cuaca mempengaruhi suasana hati saya di kota ini.
   – Still understandable, but “di kota ini” now sounds like it’s modifying “suasana hati saya” (my mood in this city), not the weather. This can be slightly ambiguous.

The original version is the clearest if you want to link “in this city” directly with “cuaca” (the weather).

What is the root of "mempengaruhi", and how is it formed?

The root word is pengaruh (influence). To form the verb “to influence / to affect”, Indonesian uses the meN- prefix and the suffix -i:

• meN- + pengaruh + -i → memengaruhi / mempengaruhi = to influence, to affect

Morphologically, because pengaruh starts with p, the p often changes to m under the meN- prefix, hence memengaruhi. In actual usage:

• memengaruhi – the form that follows formal spelling rules
• mempengaruhi – extremely common in everyday writing and speech, and widely accepted

Functionally, both mean the same thing: to influence / affect.

Is there a difference between "memengaruhi" and "mempengaruhi"?

Meaning: No difference in meaning. Both mean “to influence / to affect.”

Usage:

• memengaruhi

  • Preferred in formal writing and by some language purists, because it follows the official morphology rule (meN- + pengaruh).

• mempengaruhi

  • Very common in everyday writing and speech.
  • You will see it in news, social media, and even in many formal contexts.

For learning purposes, recognize both, and you can safely use mempengaruhi in most real-life situations, unless you’re writing something very formal (like an academic paper), where memengaruhi might be preferred.

What does "suasana hati" literally mean, and why is it used for mood?

Literally:

• suasana = atmosphere, ambiance
• hati = heart (in Indonesian, also often used for “inner feelings / emotions”)

So suasana hati literally is “the atmosphere of (my) heart”, which corresponds to “mood” in English.

It’s the most natural standard expression for emotional mood:

• suasana hati saya = my mood
• suasana hati yang baik = good mood
• suasana hati yang buruk = bad mood

Using suasana hati sounds neutral and natural in both spoken and written Indonesian.

Could I just say "mood saya" instead of "suasana hati saya"?

Yes, you can say:

• Cuaca di kota ini mempengaruhi mood saya.

Indonesian often borrows English words, and mood is understood, especially by younger speakers and in informal or semi-formal contexts.

However:

• suasana hati = neutral, standard Indonesian, good for all contexts
• mood = more informal / casual, often used in conversation, social media, or modern writing

For safe, textbook-style Indonesian, suasana hati is the better default.

Why is "saya" placed at the end? Can it go somewhere else?

In Indonesian, possessive “my” is usually expressed as a pronoun after the noun:

• suasana hati saya = my mood (literally: mood heart I)
• rumah saya = my house
• teman saya = my friend

So the pattern is:

• [noun phrase] + saya

You generally don’t say “saya suasana hati” to mean my mood; that’s ungrammatical. The original order:

• Cuaca di kota ini mempengaruhi suasana hati saya.

is the natural way to say it. The “saya” is attached to the thing you own (suasana hati), not to the verb.

Could I drop "saya" and just say "suasana hati"?

Yes, you could say:

• Cuaca di kota ini mempengaruhi suasana hati.

This would mean something like “The weather in this city affects (the) mood.” It becomes more general: not specifically my mood, but mood in general, or people’s mood.

If you want to be explicit that it’s your mood, keep saya:

• suasana hati saya = my mood
• Without saya = general or context-dependent whose mood you mean

How do I know what tense this sentence is in? There’s no past or present marker.

Indonesian generally does not mark tense on the verb. The sentence:

• Cuaca di kota ini mempengaruhi suasana hati saya.

can be translated as:

• The weather in this city affects my mood. (general/habitual)
• The weather in this city is affecting my mood. (right now, with context)

Context or time words give the specific time frame, for example:

• Kemarin, cuaca di kota ini mempengaruhi suasana hati saya.
  Yesterday, the weather in this city affected my mood.

• Hari ini, cuaca di kota ini sangat mempengaruhi suasana hati saya.
  Today, the weather in this city is really affecting my mood.

The verb mempengaruhi itself stays the same.