Dia melanggar aturan kelas.

He/She breaks the class rules.

Breakdown of Dia melanggar aturan kelas.

• dia: he/she
• kelas: the class
• aturan: the rule
• melanggar: to break

Questions & Answers about Dia melanggar aturan kelas.

Does dia mean “he” or “she”? How do you know the gender?

In Indonesian, dia is a gender‑neutral third person singular pronoun. It can mean:

• he
• she
• sometimes “that person” in a general sense

The sentence Dia melanggar aturan kelas can be translated as:

• He broke the class rules.
• She broke the class rules.

You normally figure out the gender from context (who you are talking about). If you really need to specify gender, you can add a noun:

• Dia laki‑laki itu melanggar aturan kelas.
  “That man broke the class rules.”
• Dia perempuan itu melanggar aturan kelas.
  “That woman broke the class rules.”

But in everyday speech, just dia is usually enough, and people know who you mean from context.

What is the difference between dia and ia?

Both dia and ia can mean “he/she,” but they are used differently:

• dia

  • Very common in spoken Indonesian.
  • Used in both formal and informal contexts.
  • Can be used as subject or object:
    • Dia datang. – “He/She came.”
    • Saya melihat dia. – “I saw him/her.”

• ia

  • More common in written Indonesian (books, news articles).
  • Usually only used as a subject, not as an object.
    • Ia datang. – “He/She came.”
    • But you normally would not say Saya melihat ia.

In your sentence, Dia melanggar aturan kelas, dia is the natural choice, especially in speech or informal writing.

What exactly does melanggar mean, and what is its root word?

Melanggar means “to break” or “to violate” in the sense of breaking rules, laws, or norms, not in the sense of physically breaking objects.

• Root word: langgar – “to violate / to break (rules)”
• Prefix: me- (with assimilation, me-
  • langgar → melanggar)

The me- prefix usually forms an active verb:

• langgar (base form)
• melanggar = “to violate / to break (a rule, law, agreement)”

Examples:

• Dia melanggar aturan kelas. – “He/She broke the class rules.”
• Mereka melanggar hukum. – “They violated the law.”

Compare with verbs for physical breaking:

• mematahkan – to break something (snap, like a stick)
• memecahkan – to break/shatter something (like glass)
• merusak – to damage, spoil

You would not use melanggar for breaking a glass; you use it for breaking rules.

Does melanggar show past tense, like “broke”? How would I say “is breaking” or “will break”?

Melanggar itself does not show tense. Indonesian verbs usually do not change form for past, present, or future. Tense is shown by:

• time words (yesterday, tomorrow, etc.)
• aspect markers such as sudah, sedang, akan.

Examples based on Dia melanggar aturan kelas:

• Past:
  Dia sudah melanggar aturan kelas.
  “He/She has already broken the class rules.”

  Or just:
  Dia melanggar aturan kelas kemarin.
  “He/She broke the class rules yesterday.”

• Present / in progress:
  Dia sedang melanggar aturan kelas.
  Literally “He/She is (currently) breaking the class rules.”

• Future:
  Dia akan melanggar aturan kelas.
  “He/She will break the class rules.”

Without extra words, Dia melanggar aturan kelas is neutral; the time is understood from context. In English we must choose “breaks / broke / is breaking,” but Indonesian can stay with melanggar.

Is aturan singular or plural? Does it mean “rule” or “rules”?

By default, aturan is number‑neutral:

• It can mean “rule” or “rules”, depending on context.

In Dia melanggar aturan kelas, the most natural English is:

• He/She broke the class rules. (the set of rules)

If you really want to make it clearly plural, you can say:

• aturan‑aturan kelas – “the class rules” (emphasized plural)
• semua aturan kelas – “all the class rules”

To emphasize a single rule:

• Dia melanggar satu aturan kelas. – “He/She broke one class rule.”
• Dia melanggar sebuah aturan kelas. – “He/She broke a class rule.”

But usually aturan kelas alone is enough; context tells you whether it’s one or more.

What is the difference between aturan and peraturan?

Both are related to “rules,” but there is a nuance:

• aturan

  • Slightly more general and common in daily speech.
  • Can mean “rule,” “regulation,” or “way/manner.”
  • Example: aturan kelas – class rules.

• peraturan

  • Feels a bit more formal or official.
  • Often used for written regulations, laws, official policies.
  • Example: peraturan sekolah – school regulations.

In your sentence, both are possible:

• Dia melanggar aturan kelas. – natural, everyday.
• Dia melanggar peraturan kelas. – a bit more formal, often in writing or official contexts.

Meaning is basically the same; you’re just shifting the tone from casual to slightly more formal.

How does aturan kelas work grammatically? Why not kelas aturan?

In Indonesian, when you put two nouns together, the second noun usually modifies the first:

• aturan kelas ≈ “class rules” / “rules of the class”
• aturan sekolah ≈ “school rules” / “rules of the school”
• buku pelajaran ≈ “textbook” (book of lessons)

So the pattern is:

Noun 1 + Noun 2 → “Noun 1 of Noun 2” or “Noun 2’s Noun 1”

Therefore:

• aturan kelas = rules of the class → “class rules”
• kelas aturan would sound wrong and is not used.

If you want to say rules in the class, you can also say:

• aturan di kelas – “rules in the classroom”

But aturan kelas is the standard noun phrase.

Can I drop dia and just say Melanggar aturan kelas?

In a full normal sentence, you usually keep the subject:

• Dia melanggar aturan kelas. – “He/She broke the class rules.”

Dropping dia to say Melanggar aturan kelas is unusual in normal spoken sentences. It might appear in:

• headlines / bullet points
  e.g. in a school report: Melanggar aturan kelas.
• commands / prohibitions (with the implied “you”):
  • Jangan melanggar aturan kelas! – “Don’t break the class rules!”

But if you want a clear statement about someone, you should keep dia (or use their name):

• Andi melanggar aturan kelas. – “Andi broke the class rules.”

How would I make this passive, like “The class rules were broken by him/her”?

You can make a passive construction using di-:

1. More formal / full form:

   • Aturan kelas dilanggar olehnya.
     “The class rules were broken by him/her.”

   Here:

   • dilanggar = passive form of melanggar
   • olehnya = “by him/her”

2. Common shorter form:

   • Aturan kelas dilanggarnya.
     Literally “The class rules were broken by him/her.”

   Here ‑nya refers to dia.

3. Colloquial passive with sama:

   • Aturan kelas dilanggar sama dia.
     “The class rules were broken by him/her.”

In everyday speech, the active Dia melanggar aturan kelas is very common and straightforward.

How would I say “He/She keeps breaking the class rules” or “often breaks the class rules”?

You can show frequency or repetition with adverbs:

• Dia sering melanggar aturan kelas.
  “He/She often breaks the class rules.”

• Dia terus melanggar aturan kelas.
  “He/She keeps (on) breaking the class rules.”

• Dia selalu melanggar aturan kelas.
  “He/She always breaks the class rules.”

Word order: the adverbs like sering, terus, selalu normally go before the verb.

Does kelas here mean the room, the lesson, or the group of students?

Kelas can mean several related things:

• the classroom (the physical room)
• the class/lesson (event or subject period)
• the group of students (Class 7A, etc.)
• the grade/level (class 5, etc.)

In aturan kelas, it usually means the class as a learning environment (the group + the period + the room). So aturan kelas is:

• “classroom rules,” or
• “rules for behavior in class.”

If you want to be more specific:

• aturan di kelas – rules in the classroom
• aturan untuk kelas ini – rules for this class (this group)