Kamu tentu sudah sarapan.

Of course you have already had breakfast.

Breakdown of Kamu tentu sudah sarapan.

• kamu: you
• sudah: already
• sarapan: to have breakfast
• tentu: of course

Questions & Answers about Kamu tentu sudah sarapan.

What does kamu imply in terms of politeness and who do you use it with?

Kamu is the everyday, informal “you” (singular).

• Use kamu with:

  • Friends
  • People your age or younger
  • People you are close to

• Avoid kamu with:

  • Strangers who are clearly older
  • Teachers, bosses, or people you should show respect to

With those people, you’d usually replace kamu with:

• Anda (neutral, polite “you”)
• Or titles like Bapak / Pak (sir, Mr.) and Ibu / Bu (ma’am, Mrs.), often without saying Anda at all.

So Kamu tentu sudah sarapan sounds friendly/informal, not formal or respectful.

Is kamu singular or plural? How do I say “you (plural)”?

Kamu is grammatically singular (“you” to one person).

To say “you” plural, use:

• kalian = “you all”, “you guys”

Examples:

• Kamu tentu sudah sarapan. – said to one person.
• Kalian tentu sudah sarapan. – said to a group.

In casual speech, some people may still use kamu while speaking to more than one person, but if you want to be clear and safe as a learner, use kalian for plural.

What does tentu add to the sentence? Could I just say Kamu sudah sarapan?

Tentu means “certainly / of course / surely” and shows the speaker is pretty sure about what they say.

• Kamu sudah sarapan.
  = “You have already had breakfast.” (fairly neutral statement)

• Kamu tentu sudah sarapan.
  = “You have certainly already had breakfast.” / “I’m sure you’ve already had breakfast.”

So tentu is not grammatically required, but it adds the speaker’s confidence/assumption.

What is the difference between tentu, pasti, and tentunya?

All three relate to certainty, but with slightly different feels.

• tentu

  • Basic form; often sounds a bit neutral or polite.
  • “certainly, surely, of course”
  • Kamu tentu sudah sarapan.

• pasti

  • Often a bit stronger / more colloquial; can feel like “definitely, surely”.
  • Kamu pasti sudah sarapan. – “You definitely have already had breakfast.”

• tentunya

  • Literally “certainly (indeed)”; sounds a bit more emphatic or comment-like.
  • Kamu tentunya sudah sarapan. – “You have, of course, already had breakfast.”

In everyday speech, tentu and pasti are very common; tentunya is used when you want to sound a bit more expressive or written/“commenting”.

Why is the word order kamu tentu sudah sarapan? Can I move tentu to another position?

The normal word order here is:

Subject – adverb of attitude – aspect word – main verb
kamu – tentu – sudah – sarapan

This is very natural: subject (kamu), then the speaker’s stance (tentu), then completion (sudah), then the action (sarapan).

You can move tentu, but not to just any position:

• Tentu kamu sudah sarapan.
  Also correct. This emphasizes tentu a bit more, like “Of course you’ve already had breakfast.”

Avoid:

• Kamu sudah tentu sarapan. – very unnatural.
• Kamu sudah sarapan tentu. – sounds off or needs special context/intonation.

As a learner, stick with:

• Kamu tentu sudah sarapan.
• Tentu kamu sudah sarapan.

What exactly does sudah mean here? Is it always “already”?

Sudah literally means “already”, but functionally it often behaves like an aspect marker meaning “(have) done / completed”.

In this sentence:

• Kamu sarapan. – “You eat breakfast / you are eating breakfast.” (very context‑dependent)
• Kamu sudah sarapan. – “You have already eaten breakfast.” / “You’ve had breakfast.”

So sudah:

• Emphasizes that an action has happened / is complete
• Roughly corresponds to English “already / have (done)”

It does not mark past tense in a strict grammatical way, but it suggests a completed action, usually in the past relative to now or another time.

Is sudah a verb like “to have”, or something else? How does tense work here?

Sudah is not a verb like English “to have”. It is closer to an aspect particle showing completion.

In Kamu tentu sudah sarapan:

• kamu – subject
• tentu – adverb of certainty
• sudah – aspect word (“already / have done”)
• sarapan – main verb (“to have breakfast”)

Indonesian generally does not mark tense (past, present, future) by changing the verb. Instead, it uses:

• Aspect words like sudah (already), belum (not yet), sedang (in the middle of), akan (will)
• Time expressions like tadi pagi (this morning), kemarin (yesterday), besok (tomorrow)

So, tense is mostly understood from context, aspect words, and time phrases, not from verb forms.

Is sarapan a noun or a verb here? What is the difference from makan pagi?

Sarapan can be both a noun and a verb, depending on context.

• As a verb: “to have breakfast”
  • Kamu tentu sudah sarapan. – “You have certainly already had breakfast.”
• As a noun: “breakfast”
  • Sarapan saya tadi roti dan telur. – “My breakfast earlier was bread and eggs.”

Makan pagi literally means “morning eat” and is another way to say “have breakfast”:

• Kamu tentu sudah makan pagi. – also means “You have certainly already had breakfast.”

Differences:

• sarapan – very common; concise and natural
• makan pagi – also correct, maybe a bit more descriptive/simpler for beginners

In this sentence, sarapan functions as a verb.

How would I say “You certainly haven’t had breakfast yet”? Do I use tidak or belum?

For “haven’t (yet)” in Indonesian, use belum, not tidak.

• Kamu tentu belum sarapan.
  = “You certainly haven’t had breakfast yet.”

Key points:

• tidak = “not” (general negation for verbs/adjectives)
• belum = “not yet” (implies the action might happen later)

So:

• Kamu tidak sarapan. – “You do not eat breakfast.” (habitual or simple negation)
• Kamu belum sarapan. – “You haven’t had breakfast (yet).”

How would I say the same idea more politely or formally than Kamu tentu sudah sarapan?

To be more polite/formal, change the pronoun kamu and/or add a title.

Possible versions:

• Anda tentu sudah sarapan.
  – Polite, neutral “you”.

• Bapak tentu sudah sarapan.
  – Said to an older man / respected male (like “Sir, surely you’ve already had breakfast.”)

• Ibu tentu sudah sarapan.
  – Said to an older woman / respected female.

If you’re talking to a group formally:

• Anda sekalian tentu sudah sarapan.
  – “You all have certainly already had breakfast.”

Can this sentence be used as a question in Indonesian, or is it always a statement?

As written, Kamu tentu sudah sarapan. is a statement.

However, in spoken Indonesian, you can turn it into a question just by using rising intonation:

• Kamu tentu sudah sarapan? (with questioning tone)
  = “You’ve already had breakfast, right?” / “I assume you’ve already had breakfast?”

You can also add question particles for clarity:

• Kamu tentu sudah sarapan, kan?
• Kamu tentu sudah sarapan, ya?

Both sound like: “You have already had breakfast, right?” (checking your assumption).

Can I omit kamu and just say Tentu sudah sarapan? When is that okay?

Yes, you can omit kamu if the subject is obvious from context.

• Tentu sudah sarapan.
  Could mean:
  • “(You) have of course already had breakfast.”
  • “(They) have of course already had breakfast.” – depending on who you are talking about.

Dropping the subject is common in Indonesian when:

• It has just been mentioned, or
• It is clear from the situation (for example, you are obviously talking about the listener).

As a learner, keeping kamu makes your meaning clearer, but you will hear native speakers drop it often.

What is the difference between sudah and telah in a sentence like this?

Both sudah and telah can mean “already / have (done)”, but:

• sudah

  • Very common in spoken Indonesian
  • Neutral, everyday
  • Kamu tentu sudah sarapan. – natural in conversation.

• telah

  • More formal / written
  • Often appears in news, reports, official writing
  • Anda telah sarapan. – grammatically fine, but sounds formal or written.

If you change the sentence:

• Kamu tentu telah sarapan.
  – Grammatically correct, but sounds quite formal or slightly literary for everyday talk.

In ordinary speech, sudah is the default choice.

If Indonesian doesn’t mark tense the way English does, how do we know this refers to today’s breakfast and not some other time?

We know from context, not from verb form.

Kamu tentu sudah sarapan literally only says:

• “You (certainly) already have had breakfast.”

To make the time explicit, you add a time phrase:

• Kamu tentu sudah sarapan pagi ini. – “You have certainly already had breakfast this morning.”
• Kamu tentu sudah sarapan tadi. – “You have certainly already had breakfast earlier.”

In real conversation, the context (time of day, previous sentences, situation) usually makes it obvious that we are talking about today’s breakfast.