Latihan ringan setiap pagi membuat tubuh kami sehat.

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Questions & Answers about Latihan ringan setiap pagi membuat tubuh kami sehat.

In this sentence, what is the subject: latihan ringan setiap pagi or tubuh kami?

The subject is latihan ringan setiap pagi (light exercise every morning).

The structure is:

  • Latihan ringan setiap pagi → subject (the activity)
  • membuat → verb (makes / causes)
  • tubuh kami sehat → object + complement (our body healthy)

So the sentence literally follows the pattern:

[Activity] + makes + [our body] + healthy.

Tubuh kami is the object of membuat, not the subject.

Why is there no word like “is” or “does” in this sentence?

Indonesian normally does not use a separate verb like “to be” (is/are) or “do/does” the way English does.

  • membuat already functions as the main verb: makes/causes.
  • sehat is just an adjective acting as a complement (healthy) without any “to be” verb.

So:

  • English: Exercise makes our body healthy.
  • Indonesian: Latihan … membuat tubuh kami sehat.

There is no need for extra words like is or does here. Indonesian verbs do not conjugate by person or tense in the same way English verbs do.

What exactly does latihan mean here? Is it a noun (“exercise”) or a verb (“to exercise”)?

In this sentence, latihan is a noun meaning exercise / training / practice.

Some related forms:

  • latih → base root, “to train”
  • berlatih → verb, “to practice / to train (oneself)”
  • latihan → noun, “practice / training / exercise”

Because the noun latihan appears at the start and is followed by an adjective (ringan), it functions as a thing (an activity) rather than an action being done by a subject.

So latihan ringan = light exercise / light training.

Why is the adjective ringan placed after latihan, and not before it like in English?

In Indonesian, adjectives usually come after the noun they describe.

  • English: light exercise
  • Indonesian: latihan ringan

Pattern:
noun + adjective

More examples:

  • buku baru = new book
  • rumah besar = big house
  • makanan enak = tasty food

So latihan ringan literally is exercise light, which is just the normal word order in Indonesian.

What does membuat mean here, and why is it used?

Membuat comes from buat (to make), with the prefix meN-, becoming membuat.

In this sentence, membuat has a causative meaning: to make / to cause (something to become something).

So:

  • Latihan ringan setiap pagi membuat tubuh kami sehat.
    Light exercise every morning makes our body healthy.

Here, membuat links the cause (light exercise) and the result (our body becoming healthy).

Pattern you can reuse:

  • Belajar setiap hari membuat saya pintar.
    → Studying every day makes me smart.
  • Kurang tidur membuat dia lelah.
    → Lack of sleep makes her/him tired.
What is the difference between kami and kita, and why is kami used here?

Both kami and kita mean “we / us”, but they differ in inclusiveness:

  • kami = we (but not you)exclusive
  • kita = we (including you)inclusive

In this sentence:

  • tubuh kami = our body/bodies (not including you, the listener)

So the speaker is talking about their own group’s health, not necessarily including the person being spoken to. If they wanted to include the listener, they would say:

  • Latihan ringan setiap pagi membuat tubuh kita sehat.
    → Light exercise every morning makes our (your and our) body healthy.
Why say tubuh kami (“our body”) and not just kami (“us”)?

Using tubuh kami focuses specifically on the body as what becomes healthy.

Compare:

  • membuat tubuh kami sehat → makes our body healthy
  • membuat kami sehat → makes us healthy (more general)

Both are grammatically correct, but:

  • tubuh kami sehat emphasizes physical health.
  • kami sehat could mean healthy in a broader sense (physically, mentally, etc.), depending on context.

So tubuh kami adds precision: it’s our body that becomes healthy.

Shouldn’t “our bodies” be plural? Why is it tubuh kami and not tubuh-tubuh kami?

Indonesian usually does not mark plural with an -s like English. Plurality is often:

  • understood from context, or
  • shown by words like para, banyak, beberapa, etc., or
  • marked optionally by reduplication (e.g. buku-buku).

Here, tubuh kami is naturally understood as our bodies, because kami is plural. You do not need to say tubuh-tubuh kami.

In everyday usage:

  • tubuh kami → our body/bodies (context tells you it’s plural)
  • tubuh-tubuh kami → possible, but sounds more literary or very emphatic, and is much less common.
Can setiap pagi be moved to a different position, like the beginning or the end of the sentence?

Yes. Time expressions like setiap pagi are quite flexible in Indonesian. Your sentence is:

  • Latihan ringan setiap pagi membuat tubuh kami sehat.

You could also say:

  • Setiap pagi, latihan ringan membuat tubuh kami sehat.
  • Latihan ringan membuat tubuh kami sehat setiap pagi.
    (this one sounds a bit less natural, but is still grammatical)

Most natural are:

  1. [Time] + [Rest of sentence]
    Setiap pagi, latihan ringan membuat tubuh kami sehat.

  2. [Subject] + [Time] + [Verb …]
    Latihan ringan setiap pagi membuat tubuh kami sehat.

All of them keep the same basic meaning: the action happens every morning.

How do we know the sentence is talking about a habitual action (every morning) and not a specific time in the past or future?

Indonesian doesn’t use verb tenses the same way English does. Instead, time is usually shown by:

  • time expressions (like setiap pagi, kemarin, besok)
  • or context.

Here, setiap pagi = every morning, which clearly indicates a habitual action. So the natural English equivalent is:

  • Light exercise every morning makes our body healthy.

If you wanted past or future, you’d typically add extra time words:

  • Past habit: Dulu, latihan ringan setiap pagi membuat tubuh kami sehat.
    → In the past, light exercise every morning made our body healthy.
  • Future: Mulai besok, latihan ringan setiap pagi akan membuat tubuh kami sehat.
    → Starting tomorrow, light exercise every morning will make our body healthy.
Can we say Latihan ringan setiap pagi membuat kami sehat without tubuh? Is that still correct?

Yes, Latihan ringan setiap pagi membuat kami sehat is perfectly correct and natural.

Differences in nuance:

  • membuat tubuh kami sehat → emphasizes our body becoming healthy.
  • membuat kami sehat → emphasizes us (as people) becoming healthy; still usually understood as physical health in this context.

In everyday conversation, many speakers would naturally say membuat kami sehat. Including tubuh just makes the sentence more explicitly about the body.

Is sehat a verb or an adjective here?

Sehat is an adjective meaning healthy.

In Indonesian, adjectives can directly follow a noun or pronoun without a linking verb:

  • tubuh kami sehat
    → literally: our body healthy

So within the larger sentence:

  • membuat tubuh kami sehat
    → makes our body healthy

There is no separate “to be” verb; sehat simply functions as an adjective that describes tubuh kami.