Breakdown of Kampanye yang adil mendukung hak semua warga untuk memilih pemimpin secara bebas.
Questions & Answers about Kampanye yang adil mendukung hak semua warga untuk memilih pemimpin secara bebas.
Yang links a noun to a description, and in many cases can be thought of as that/which/is.
- kampanye yang adil ≈ “campaign that is fair”
- Without translating it literally, we usually just say “a fair campaign”.
You can say kampanye adil, and it is grammatically correct. The differences:
- kampanye adil – short, neutral: “fair campaign(s)”.
- kampanye yang adil – a bit more formal/emphatic; it treats adil as a fuller description (“campaign that is fair”). In writing, especially in political or formal contexts, yang is very common.
When there is a longer description, yang is required, e.g. kampanye yang benar-benar adil dan jujur (a campaign that is truly fair and honest).
On its own, kampanye is number-neutral: it can mean campaign or campaigns. Indonesian normally does not mark singular or plural on the noun.
Context decides:
- kampanye – campaign/campaigns
- satu kampanye – one campaign
- beberapa kampanye – several campaigns
- kampanye-kampanye – campaigns (reduplication to emphasize plurality)
So Kampanye yang adil mendukung… could be understood as:
- “A fair campaign supports…” or
- “Fair campaigns support…”
You choose the English singular/plural based on the larger context, not on the Indonesian form.
Quantifiers like semua (all), banyak (many), beberapa (several) normally come before the noun:
- semua warga – all citizens
- banyak warga – many citizens
- beberapa warga – several citizens
Warga semua is not natural in standard Indonesian in this meaning.
Differences in nuance:
- semua warga – all citizens as a group.
- setiap warga – each/every citizen, focusing on individuals one by one.
- seluruh warga – similar to semua warga, but can sound a bit more emphatic or “complete”: the whole population.
In this sentence, semua warga is appropriate because it talks about everyone having the right, collectively.
Like most Indonesian nouns, warga does not show singular or plural by form. It just means citizen/citizens.
To be more specific, you can add other words:
- seorang warga – one citizen (literally “one person citizen”)
- beberapa warga – several citizens
- para warga – the citizens (group of people; often used for respectful reference to a group)
- warga-warga – citizens (plural marked by reduplication; often used in textbooks, less in natural speech)
In hak semua warga, the phrase means the rights of all citizens, but nothing in warga itself marks plural.
Mendukung is a transitive verb that directly takes an object:
- mendukung hak – support (the) rights
- mendukung kebijakan itu – support that policy
- mendukung pemerintah – support the government
The phrase hak semua warga is one noun phrase: hak (rights) + semua warga (all citizens) = all citizens’ rights. Indonesian often expresses possession or “of” by simply putting nouns together:
- hak warga – citizens’ rights
- rumah guru – the teacher’s house
- baju adik – little sibling’s clothes
You could say hak dari semua warga, but it feels heavier and less natural here. Hak semua warga is the usual, smooth way to say “the rights of all citizens”.
In this structure, untuk links hak to an action:
- hak … untuk memilih – the right to choose
- hak untuk belajar – the right to study
- hak untuk berpendapat – the right to have an opinion / to speak out
So untuk is like “to” in “the right to vote”.
You will also see shorter fixed expressions like:
- hak pilih – voting right / suffrage
- hak memilih – the right to choose
Those do not use untuk because the verb is being turned directly into a noun phrase. But once you insert a longer phrase (hak semua warga …), the natural pattern is:
hak + [who] + untuk + [verb]
hak semua warga untuk memilih …
Dropping untuk here (hak semua warga memilih …) would sound odd or ungrammatical in standard Indonesian.
The base root is pilih (choose). With the active prefix meN-, it becomes memilih (to choose):
- pilih – choose (root form)
- memilih – to choose (active verb form)
In standard Indonesian, after untuk, the verb usually appears in this meN- form:
- untuk membeli – to buy
- untuk belajar – to study
- untuk memimpin – to lead
- untuk memilih – to choose
Using the bare root (untuk pilih) can occur in very casual speech, but it is not considered standard or formal. The meN- form (memilih) is what you should learn and use in proper writing and in most spoken situations.
(Spelling note: pilih → memilih because p changes to m when joined with the meN- prefix.)
All of these come from the root pimpin (to lead):
- pimpin – root “lead” (you see it in dictionaries, commands, etc.)
- memimpin – active verb “to lead”
- pemimpin – “leader” (a person who leads)
- pimpinan – “leadership” or “the leaders” as an institution (e.g. pimpinan perusahaan – the company leadership / management)
So in the sentence:
- memilih pemimpin – choose a leader / choose leaders
Using pimpinan here would sound more like “choose the leadership body/management”, which is a bit different in meaning.
Secara means something like “in a … way/manner”, and bebas means free. So:
- secara bebas ≈ “in a free way” → “freely”
This is a common pattern:
- secara resmi – officially
- secara adil – fairly
- secara tertulis – in writing / in written form
Other options with a similar meaning:
- dengan bebas – with freedom / freely
- bebas memilih pemimpin – freely choose leaders (literally “free to choose leaders”)
Common, natural variants of the original phrase:
- memilih pemimpin secara bebas
- memilih pemimpin dengan bebas
- bebas memilih pemimpin
But memilih pemimpin secara bebas (the original) is very standard and clear.
The most natural order for verb + object + adverb of manner in Indonesian is:
Verb + Object + Adverb
So:
- memilih pemimpin secara bebas – choose leaders freely
Putting the adverb between the verb and the object:
- memilih secara bebas pemimpin
is understandable, but sounds awkward and untypical in standard Indonesian. Native speakers strongly prefer:
- memilih pemimpin secara bebas, or
- bebas memilih pemimpin (fronting bebas for emphasis)
In general:
- Keep verb + object together.
- Place adverbs of manner like secara bebas, dengan adil, secara resmi after the object, or move the whole adverbial phrase to the beginning of the clause if you want to emphasize it.
Yes, there are several related words, with different nuances:
warga – member of a community; often citizen in a legal or social sense.
- warga negara – citizen (of a state)
- warga desa – villagers (members of the village community)
rakyat – the people of a country, often in a political sense.
- hak-hak rakyat – the people’s rights
- suara rakyat – the voice of the people
penduduk – inhabitants / residents, focusing on living in an area, not on legal status.
- penduduk kota – city residents
- penduduk Indonesia – the population of Indonesia
In hak semua warga, warga highlights people as members of a community or political unit (citizens), which fits well with rights and fair campaigns.