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Kepercayaan diri kami bertambah setelah latihan.

Kepercayaan diri kami bertambah setelah latihan.
Our confidence increases after practice.
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Questions & Answers about Kepercayaan diri kami bertambah setelah latihan.

What does each word in the sentence do?
  • kepercayaan: from root percaya (believe/trust); the ke- -an pattern makes an abstract noun, so kepercayaan = belief/faith/trust/confidence.
  • diri: self. Together kepercayaan diri is a fixed phrase meaning self-confidence.
  • kami: we/our, exclusive of the listener.
  • bertambah: to increase/grow (intransitive).
  • setelah: after.
  • latihan: practice/training session.
    So the structure is Subject (kepercayaan diri kami) + Verb (bertambah) + Time phrase (setelah latihan).
Why is kami after kepercayaan diri instead of before it?
Indonesian puts possessive pronouns after the noun: Noun + possessor. Examples: rumah saya (my house), teman mereka (their friend), kepercayaan diri kami (our self-confidence). Fronting it as kami kepercayaan diri is ungrammatical.
What’s the difference between kami and kita here?
  • kami = we/our, excluding the person you’re talking to.
  • kita = we/our, including the person you’re talking to.
    If you want to include your listener, say: Kepercayaan diri kita bertambah setelah latihan.
When should I use kepercayaan diri vs percaya diri?
  • kepercayaan diri is a noun (self-confidence). Example: Kepercayaan diri kami bertambah.
  • percaya diri is an adjective (confident). To use it, change the structure:
    • Kami menjadi lebih percaya diri setelah latihan.
      You’ll also hear: rasa percaya diri (a feeling of confidence) and tingkat kepercayaan diri (confidence level).
How does bertambah differ from menambah, meningkat, and meningkatkan?
  • bertambah (intransitive): the subject itself increases.
    • Kepercayaan diri kami bertambah.
  • menambah (transitive): someone/something adds to something else.
    • Latihan menambah kepercayaan diri kami.
  • meningkat (intransitive): to rise/increase.
    • Kepercayaan diri kami meningkat.
  • meningkatkan (transitive): to raise/improve something.
    • Latihan meningkatkan kepercayaan diri kami.
      Don’t say kami bertambah kepercayaan diri; bertambah can’t take a direct object.
Is there past tense marking here? How do we know it’s about a change that already happened?

Indonesian doesn’t inflect verbs for tense. Time comes from context and time words like setelah (after). If you want to emphasize completion, you can add sudah:

  • Kepercayaan diri kami sudah bertambah setelah latihan.
    But with setelah, sudah is often unnecessary.
Are setelah and sesudah the same? How is sudah different?
  • setelah and sesudah both mean after; they’re interchangeable in most contexts.
  • sudah means already.
    Other variants: seusai (after, fairly formal), usai (after/finished, formal), habis/abis (after, colloquial).
    Examples: Setelah/Sesudah latihan, …; Seusai latihan, …; Abis latihan, … [casual].
What’s the difference between latihan, berlatih, melatih, pelatih, and pelatihan?
  • latihan: a practice/training session; exercises (noun).
  • berlatih: to practice (intransitive verb).
  • melatih: to train someone (transitive verb).
  • pelatih: a coach/trainer (noun).
  • pelatihan: a training program/course (noun).
    You can also say: … bertambah setelah berlatih (after practicing).
Can I move the time phrase to the front?

Yes. Setelah latihan, kepercayaan diri kami bertambah.
Fronted time phrases are common; use a comma after them.

Can I omit kami?
You can, but the meaning changes. Kepercayaan diri bertambah setelah latihan sounds generic (people’s self-confidence increases after practice). kami makes it specifically our self-confidence.
How can I show degree or quantity of the increase?

Common options:

  • Kepercayaan diri kami meningkat pesat.
  • Kepercayaan diri kami bertambah drastis/signifikan.
  • Kepercayaan diri kami bertambah 10% / sebesar 10%.
  • Kami jadi jauh lebih percaya diri setelah latihan.
    Avoid clunky combinations like lebih bertambah; use semakin bertambah or switch to an adjective: semakin percaya diri.
Any pronunciation tips for this sentence?
  • c is pronounced like English ch: percaya in kepercayaan = pe(r)-cha-ya-an.
  • Syllables: ke-per-ca-ya-an; the e in ke- is a schwa (like “uh”).
  • r is tapped or trilled.
  • h in latihan is pronounced.
  • Indonesian stress is light, typically on the penultimate syllable: la-TI-han, ca-YA-an.
Is this sentence formal, neutral, or casual? Any casual alternatives?

Neutral. Works in most contexts.
Casual alternatives:

  • Abis latihan, kita jadi lebih pede. (pede = slang from PD, short for percaya diri)
  • Habis latihan, kami makin percaya diri.
    More formal: Seusai pelatihan, kepercayaan diri kami meningkat.
How do I say the negative?
  • Kepercayaan diri kami tidak bertambah setelah latihan.
    More formal/nominal: Tidak ada peningkatan kepercayaan diri setelah latihan.
How do I make the practice session specific?

Use demonstratives/time markers:

  • Setelah latihan itu, … (after that practice)
  • Setelah latihan tadi, … (after the earlier practice)
  • Setelah latihan kemarin, … (after yesterday’s practice)
Can I swap kami for other possessors or subjects?

Yes. Examples:

  • Kepercayaan diri para siswa bertambah setelah latihan. (the students’ self-confidence)
  • Kepercayaan diri tim kami bertambah setelah latihan. (our team’s self-confidence)
  • Latihan meningkatkan kepercayaan diri para pemain. (transitive rewording)