Breakdown of Dia meminjam perangkat cadangan dan menyalakan mikrofon baru.
sebuah
a
dia
he/she
baru
new
dan
and
Questions & Answers about Dia meminjam perangkat cadangan dan menyalakan mikrofon baru.
What does the pronoun Dia mean here? Is it male or female?
Dia is a third-person singular pronoun that does not mark gender, so it can mean he or she. For formal respect (e.g., elders, VIPs), use beliau. You may also see ia in formal writing, usually as a subject form; unlike dia, ia is not used after prepositions.
How do I know whether this is past, present, or future? Indonesian verbs don’t change form.
Indonesian doesn’t mark tense on the verb. Time is shown with particles or adverbs:
- Past/completed: sudah or telah (Dia sudah meminjam…)
- Progressive: sedang (Dia sedang menyalakan…)
- Future: akan (Dia akan meminjam…)
- “Just now”: baru saja (Dia baru saja menyalakan…) Context words like tadi, kemarin, nanti, besok also help.
What’s the difference between meminjam and meminjamkan?
- meminjam = to borrow. Subject is the borrower. Example: Dia meminjam perangkat cadangan dari teknisi.
- meminjamkan = to lend. Subject is the lender. Example: Teknisi meminjamkan perangkat cadangan kepadanya.