Kamera cadangan berguna saat hujan deras.

A spare camera is useful when it rains heavily.

Breakdown of Kamera cadangan berguna saat hujan deras.

• saat: when
• hujan: the rain
• deras: heavy
• kamera: the camera
• cadangan: spare
• berguna: to be useful

Questions & Answers about Kamera cadangan berguna saat hujan deras.

What part of speech is berguna in this sentence? Is it a verb or an adjective?

Berguna is grammatically an adjective (keterangan sifat) meaning “useful” or “helpful.” Although it comes from the root guna (“use”) with the prefix ber-, it doesn’t act as an active verb here; instead it describes the state or quality of the camera.

What does cadangan mean here, and is it functioning as a noun or an adjective?

Cadangan literally means “reserve” or “backup.” In kamera cadangan, it’s a noun used attributively—like English “backup camera.” In Indonesian, nouns can directly modify other nouns without a separate connector.

Why doesn’t the sentence have an article like “a” or “the” before kamera cadangan?

Indonesian does not use articles (such as “a,” “an,” or “the”). Definiteness and quantity are inferred from context or added with words like itu (“that”) or sebuah (“a single”).

What is the role of saat here, and can you replace it with ketika or waktu?

Saat is a conjunction meaning “when” and introduces a time clause. You can replace it with ketika with no significant change:

• Kamera cadangan berguna ketika hujan deras.
  Using waktu is less common in this construction; you’d need a preposition:
• Kamera cadangan berguna pada waktu hujan deras.

Why is deras placed after hujan, and could you switch their order?

In Indonesian, adjectives follow the nouns they modify. Hujan deras is “heavy rain”; you cannot swap them to deras hujan—that would sound ungrammatical.

Could you say kamera cadangan berguna di hujan deras? Why or why not?

No, you normally omit di when using saat/ketika to introduce a time clause. Di hujan deras might suggest location (“in the heavy rain”) but is unidiomatic without a verb like berdiri di hujan deras.

Where do you place word stress in cadangan, berguna, and deras?

Indonesian words are usually stressed on the penultimate syllable:

• ca·DANG·an (stress on “dang”)
• ber·GU·na (stress on “gu”)
• DE·ras (stress on “de”)

Can you add itu after kamera cadangan—as in kamera cadangan itu berguna saat hujan deras? What changes?

Yes. Adding itu (“that”) makes the phrase specific: “That backup camera is useful in heavy rain.” It shifts from a general statement to referring to a particular camera.