Learn Hardcore Indonesian: Hujan deras, jadi halaman belakang basah. - It is raining heavily, so the backyard is wet.

Indonesian often allows dropping or hiding the subject when it’s clear from context. Here Hujan deras literally means “heavy rain,” but as a standalone clause it implies “It’s raining heavily.” The full idea “It rained heavily” is understood without an explicit itu or pronoun.

What part of speech is deras in Hujan deras?

In this phrase deras is an adjective modifying the noun hujan (“rain”), so Hujan deras = “heavy rain.” Note that deras can also act as an adverb in sentences like “Hujan turun deras” (“The rain falls heavily”).

Why isn’t there a copula like “is” in halaman belakang basah?

Indonesian does not use a separate “to be” verb when the predicate is an adjective. You simply state Subject + Adjective. So halaman belakang basah is “(the) backyard wet,” equivalent to “the backyard is wet.”

Why are there no articles such as “the” or “a” in this sentence?

Indonesian does not have definite or indefinite articles like the or a/an. Context and word order tell you whether you’re talking about something specific or general.

What does jadi mean here? Is it the same as ?