Learn Hardcore Indonesian: Jangan berhenti belajar bahasa Indonesia meskipun liburan sudah selesai. - Do not stop learning Indonesian even though the holiday is over.

jangan is the negative imperative marker. It means don’t and is placed before a verb to tell someone not to do something. For example, Jangan lari means don’t run.

Why is there no subject pronoun in this sentence?

In Indonesian imperatives, the subject “you” is usually implicit. Jangan berhenti… automatically addresses the listener without needing kamu or Anda.

What does berhenti mean and how is it formed?

berhenti is a verb meaning to stop. It’s formed from the prefix ber- plus the root henti. Because it’s intransitive, it doesn’t take a direct object.

Why is the phrase belajar bahasa Indonesia used instead of just belajar Indonesia?

While you might occasionally hear belajar Indonesia, that could be confusing since Indonesia is the country. Adding bahasa clarifies that you’re studying the Indonesian language.

What role does meskipun play in the sentence?

meskipun is a conjunction meaning even though or although. It introduces a concessive clause (meskipun liburan sudah selesai) that contrasts with the main command.

Can we use walaupun instead of meskipun? Are they different?

Yes. Both meskipun and walaupun mean even though. Meskipun is slightly more formal, while walaupun is very common in speech. In this sentence they’re interchangeable.

Why is sudah selesai used here, and what aspect does it indicate?

sudah means already, and selesai means finished. Together, sudah selesai indicates that the vacation has been completed. Indonesian doesn’t mark tense like English, but sudah signals a perfective (completed) aspect.

Could we rearrange the sentence to start with the concessive clause?

Yes. You can say Meskipun liburan sudah selesai, jangan berhenti belajar bahasa Indonesia. Indonesian allows flexible clause order, and the comma after the first clause is optional.

Is liburan here a noun or a verb?

In this context, liburan is a noun meaning vacation or holiday. Although liburan can also be used informally as a verb (to take a vacation), pairing it with sudah selesai makes it clearly a noun phrase.

Do we need a comma before meskipun?

A comma before meskipun is optional. In formal writing you might include it:
Jangan berhenti belajar bahasa Indonesia, meskipun liburan sudah selesai
but in everyday usage the comma is often omitted.