Learn Hardcore Indonesian: Saya sering menemani adik saya, meski dia berisik, karena saya sayang padanya. - I often accompany my younger sibling, even though he/she is noisy, because I care about him/her.

"Sering" means "often" in English. It serves as an adverb modifying the verb "menemani" (to accompany), informing us that the action of accompanying the sibling happens regularly.

How is the concessive conjunction "meski" used in this sentence, and what does it mean?

"Meski" functions similarly to "even though" or "although" in English. It introduces a contrasting idea—in this case, acknowledging that the sibling is noisy (berisik)—while still affirming the speaker's action of accompanying them.

What does "adik saya" translate to, and does it specify the gender of the sibling?

"Adik saya" translates as "my younger sibling." The term "adik" does not specify gender; it simply denotes someone younger than the speaker. The actual gender would need to be inferred from context if it isn’t explicitly stated.

Why is the phrase "padanya" used in the clause "karena saya sayang padanya" instead of using "dia" directly?

In Indonesian, "padanya" is a combination of the preposition "pada" (meaning "to" or "towards") and the pronoun "dia". This construction is common when expressing affection or attachment, as it clearly indicates that the love or care is directed toward a specific person.

Can you explain the overall structure of the sentence and how the different clauses relate to one another?

The sentence is composed of three parts:

The main clause: "Saya sering menemani adik saya" (I often accompany my younger sibling), which states the primary action.
The concessive clause: "meski dia berisik" (even though he/she is noisy), which acknowledges a contrasting or unexpected characteristic of the sibling.
The reason clause: "karena saya sayang padanya" (because I love him/her), which provides the motivation behind the action in the main clause.
Together, these parts explain that despite the sibling being noisy, the speaker chooses to accompany them out of love.

Why is the adjective "sayang" used without any additional affixes (like in "menyayangi"), and what does this tell us about Indonesian usage?

In Indonesian, it is common to use adjectives or stative verbs in their bare form to describe a state or emotion directly. Here, "sayang" effectively conveys "love" without needing the active form "menyayangi". This usage tends to feel more natural and conversational, emphasizing the emotional state rather than the action.