Kami mendengar sumpah itu.

Because kami means we but not including the person being spoken to.

In Indonesian:

• kami = we/us excluding you
• kita = we/us including you

So Kami mendengar sumpah itu means the speaker is talking about a group that does not include the listener.

It can mean either, depending on context.

Indonesian verbs do not change form for tense the way English verbs do. So mendengar itself does not specifically mark present or past.

That means:

• Kami mendengar sumpah itu could mean We hear that oath
• or We heard that oath

Usually the time is understood from context, or shown with time words such as:

• kemarin = yesterday
• tadi = earlier
• sekarang = now

The base word is dengar, which means hear.

mendengar is formed from:

• dengar = hear
• meN- prefix → mendengar

The meN- prefix commonly forms active verbs. In this case, it gives you the normal active verb to hear.

In Indonesian, demonstratives like ini and itu usually come after the noun.

So:

• sumpah itu = that oath
• rumah itu = that house
• orang itu = that person

This is a very common word order pattern in Indonesian.

Mostly, yes, but it can also make something sound more specific or already known in the conversation.

So sumpah itu can often feel like:

• that oath
• or sometimes something close to the oath, depending on context

Indonesian does not have articles exactly like English a and the, so words like itu often help show specificity.

Because Indonesian does not use articles the same way English does.

English needs words like:

• a
• an
• the

Indonesian usually does not. Meaning is often understood from context, word order, or words like itu.

So instead of a separate word exactly matching the, Indonesian often just says:

• sumpah = oath / an oath / the oath
• sumpah itu = that oath / the oath in that context

Yes. It follows the very common pattern:

• Subject + Verb + Object

Here:

• Kami = subject
• mendengar = verb
• sumpah itu = object

So the structure is very straightforward and quite similar to English.

Sumpah most commonly means an oath or sworn statement.

Depending on context, it can also relate to:

• a vow
• swearing in the sense of making a serious promise
• in some contexts, an expression like I swear

So the exact nuance depends on the situation. In this sentence, it is most naturally understood as a noun: oath.

Usually mendengar is the better choice here.

The difference is roughly:

• mendengar = to hear
• mendengarkan = to listen to

So:

• Kami mendengar sumpah itu = We heard that oath
• Kami mendengarkan sumpah itu = We listened to that oath

Mendengarkan suggests more deliberate attention, while mendengar can simply mean that the sound reached you.

Sometimes yes, if the subject is clear from context.

Indonesian often omits subjects when they are already understood. So in conversation, someone might simply say:

• Mendengar sumpah itu.

But in a full, clear sentence, especially for learners, including kami is completely normal.

A simple learner-friendly pronunciation is:

• men-DEH-ngar

A few notes:

• men- sounds like men
• de is like deh
• ng is the sound in sing
• gar ends with a rolled or tapped Indonesian r, depending on the speaker

So the whole sentence is approximately:

• KAH-mee men-DEH-ngar SOOM-pah EE-too

By itself, it is not specifically marked as singular or plural.

Indonesian nouns often do not change form for number. So the noun can be understood from context.

Here, sumpah itu will normally be understood as a specific single oath unless context suggests otherwise.

If Indonesian really wants to make a noun clearly plural, it can use:

• reduplication, such as sumpah-sumpah
• a number
• a context word showing plurality

But in many sentences, none of that is necessary.