Við borgum tryggingarféð fyrir afhendingardaginn.

Because við means we, and the verb has to agree with that subject.

The verb is að borga = to pay. In the present tense:

• ég borga = I pay
• þú borgar = you pay
• hann/hún/það borgar = he/she/it pays
• við borgum = we pay
• þið borgið = you (plural) pay
• þeir/þær/þau borga = they pay

So Við borgum is the correct we form.

Tryggingarféð is in the accusative singular definite.

That is because að borga usually takes a direct object, and that object is commonly in the accusative. Here, the thing being paid is tryggingarféð.

A helpful breakdown:

• tryggingarfé = security deposit / insurance money / deposit
• tryggingarféð = the security deposit

For many neuter nouns, the nominative and accusative singular look the same, so you do not see a visible change here. But grammatically, it is functioning as the direct object of borgum.

The -ð is the suffixed definite article, meaning the.

In Icelandic, instead of putting a separate word before the noun like English the, Icelandic often attaches the article directly to the end of the noun.

So:

• tryggingarfé = a security deposit / security deposit
• tryggingarféð = the security deposit

This is extremely common in Icelandic.

There are two things happening here:

1. It has the definite article attached:

   • afhendingardagur = delivery day
   • afhendingardagurinn = the delivery day

2. It changes case after the preposition fyrir:

   • dictionary form: afhendingardagur
   • accusative singular definite: afhendingardaginn

So afhendingardaginn means the delivery day in the form required by the sentence.

A rough breakdown:

• afhending = delivery, handover
• dagur = day
• afhendingardagur = delivery day
• afhendingardaginn = the delivery day (accusative definite)

Because prepositions in Icelandic govern specific cases, and fyrir can take different cases depending on meaning.

In this sentence, fyrir means before, so it takes the accusative.

That is why you get:

• fyrir afhendingardag = before a delivery day
• fyrir afhendingardaginn = before the delivery day

This is something English speakers often need to get used to: in Icelandic, the preposition often decides the case of the following noun.

No. Fyrir is a very common preposition with several meanings, depending on context and case.

Some common uses include:

• before
• for
• in front of
• sometimes expressions like ago

So you should not memorize fyrir as having only one English equivalent. In this sentence, it means before, but in other sentences it could mean something else.

That is very normal for Icelandic prepositions.

Yes. Icelandic uses compound nouns very heavily, much more than English in many cases.

Here:

• trygging = insurance / security / guarantee-related idea
• fé = money
• tryggingarfé = security deposit / insurance money / deposit

The -ar- in the middle is a linking element that often appears in compounds.

Likewise:

• afhending = delivery
• dagur = day
• afhendingardagur = delivery day

For English speakers, this is worth getting used to: Icelandic often packs ideas into one long noun where English might prefer two words.

Because Icelandic usually expresses the by attaching it to the noun.

So instead of writing something like a separate the, Icelandic commonly does this:

• féð = the money
• daginn = the day

In your sentence:

• tryggingarféð = the security deposit
• afhendingardaginn = the delivery day

A separate article can exist in some contexts, but the suffixed article is the normal pattern learners see most often.

Yes, Icelandic word order is somewhat flexible, but the neutral, straightforward order here is:

• Við = subject
• borgum = verb
• tryggingarféð = object
• fyrir afhendingardaginn = time phrase

So this sentence has a very natural Subject–Verb–Object–Adverbial structure.

You might see other orders in real Icelandic, especially for emphasis, style, or because of the verb-second pattern in main clauses. But for a learner, this sentence is a good basic model.

In normal modern Icelandic, the subject pronoun is usually expressed when needed, and við borgum is the normal way to say we pay.

Icelandic verb endings do give information about the subject, but the language does not freely drop subject pronouns the way some languages do. So keeping við in the sentence is natural and standard.

A good way to work backward is this:

• borgum → dictionary form að borga
• tryggingarféð → dictionary form tryggingarfé
• afhendingardaginn → dictionary form afhendingardagur

This is a very useful habit in Icelandic, because words often appear in inflected forms that look different from the dictionary form.

A few clues:

• verb ending -um often suggests we in the present tense
• noun endings like -inn, -ið, -ð often suggest the suffixed definite article
• case endings may change the noun from its basic dictionary form

So when reading Icelandic, it helps to ask:

1. What is the base word?
2. What ending has been added?
3. What grammatical job is it doing here?

Yes, it matters a lot in Icelandic because gender affects articles and inflection.

In this sentence:

• tryggingarfé is neuter
• afhendingardagur is masculine

You can see this in their forms:

• neuter definite singular: tryggingarféð
• masculine accusative definite singular: afhendingardaginn

Gender is important because it affects:

• the form of the suffixed article
• adjective endings
• pronouns
• case forms

So when learning a noun in Icelandic, it is best to learn it together with its gender.