Garðhanskinn er blautur eftir rigninguna.

Because Icelandic very often makes compounds where English would use two words.

• garður = garden
• hanski = glove

Together, they form garðhanski = garden glove / gardening glove.

This is completely normal in Icelandic. The first part usually describes the second part, just like in many Germanic languages.

In compounds, the first word may change form slightly. Here garður becomes garð- before hanski.

It is the suffixed definite article, meaning the.

So:

• garðhanski = a garden glove
• garðhanskinn = the garden glove

Unlike English, Icelandic usually adds the to the end of the noun instead of putting it in front as a separate word.

Because garðhanski is masculine singular nominative, the definite form becomes garðhanskinn.

Er is the present singular form of vera, the verb to be.

So:

• ég er = I am
• þú ert = you are
• hann / hún / það er = he / she / it is

In this sentence, the subject is singular, so er is the correct form.

Because Icelandic adjectives must agree with the noun they describe in:

• gender
• number
• case

Here, garðhanskinn is:

• masculine
• singular
• nominative

So the adjective must match that, giving blautur.

Compare:

• hanskinn er blautur = the glove is wet
• skálin er blaut = the bowl is wet (feminine)
• barnið er blautt = the child is wet (neuter)

Because in Icelandic, a predicate adjective after vera usually agrees with the subject, and the subject here is in the nominative.

So in a sentence like:

• Garðhanskinn er blautur

both the subject garðhanskinn and the adjective blautur are nominative singular masculine.

This is similar to how English says The glove is wet, where wet describes the subject.

Because rigning is a feminine noun, and after eftir in the sense of after (in time), it appears here in the accusative singular definite.

The noun forms are:

• rigning = rain
• rigninguna = the rain (accusative singular definite)

So eftir rigninguna means after the rain.

No. Eftir can take different cases depending on meaning and usage.

In this sentence, eftir means after in a temporal sense, and that gives accusative:

• eftir rigninguna = after the rain

But eftir can also be used with other meanings and case patterns, so it is a preposition worth learning through examples rather than assuming it always behaves the same way in every context.

For this sentence, the important point is:

• eftir + accusative = after something, in time

For the same reason as with garðhanskinn: Icelandic usually puts the definite article onto the noun itself.

So:

• rigning = rain
• rigningin = the rain (nominative)
• rigninguna = the rain (accusative)

English uses a separate word, the, but Icelandic usually uses an ending.

Yes, in this sentence it would be wrong.

Rigningin is nominative singular definite, but after eftir here you need the accusative, which is rigninguna.

So:

• rigningin = the rain (subject form)
• rigninguna = the rain (object/prepositional form used here)

That is why the sentence uses eftir rigninguna, not eftir rigningin.

Yes, but it changes the meaning slightly.

• Garðhanskinn er blautur eftir rigninguna = The gardening glove is wet after the rain.
• Garðhanski er blautur eftir rigninguna = A gardening glove / gardening gloves in general? is wet after the rain, depending on context

Without -inn, the noun is indefinite. So the sentence becomes less specific.

Because eftir rigninguna emphasizes the result following the rain: the glove is wet once the rain has happened.

It is a very natural Icelandic way to express this idea. It does not necessarily mean strict sequence only; it can imply that the rain is the reason the glove is wet.

So the phrase is temporal on the surface, but in context it also suggests cause.

The dictionary forms are:

• garðhanski = garden glove
• rigning = rain

Icelandic dictionaries usually list nouns in the indefinite nominative singular.

So even though the sentence has garðhanskinn and rigninguna, the forms you would normally look up are garðhanski and rigning.

Yes. This is a very normal basic sentence pattern:

• Subject + verb + adjective/complement + prepositional phrase

So:

• Garðhanskinn = subject
• er = verb
• blautur = predicate adjective
• eftir rigninguna = prepositional phrase

This is one of the most straightforward word orders in Icelandic. You could rearrange parts in some contexts for emphasis, but this version is the neutral, standard one.